Abstract
Experiments were carried out during three years period, from 1966 through 1968, to clarify the effects of soil moisture supplied at various growth stages on the growth, yield, and fruit qualities of young Satsuma orange trees.Six to eight years old trees (Oiwa No.5) grown on sandy loam in earthware pipes (60cm in diameter ×60cm in depth) were used as the materials.Water-regimes were designed as follows:Plot Periods of water regimessign May-June July-Aug. Sept.-Oct.A High Medium Medium(Low)B Low Medium Medium(High)C Medium(Low) High MediumD Medium(High) Low MediumE Medium Medium(Low) HighF Medium Medium(High) LowG Medium Medium MediumSoil moisture tension and moisture content on a percentage basis of water-holding capacity were pF=1 and 66% in wet-, pF=2 and 44% in medium-, pF=3 and 29% in dry-regime, respectively, on an average during the decade of 2 month. Sign in parenthesis indicates the water regime in 1968.Results obtained were summarized as follows:1. The growth of plants in new shoot, leaf number, trunk diameter and tree crown was good when supplied with wet- and medium-moisture in soil. The effect of drought period on the growth was decisive as the extreme during from July to August, followed by plot F regimed during from September to October in 1966. The number of flowers in the next spring was the largest in wetregimed during from July to August, and the next largest during from May to June, while the smallest in dry-regimes during the periods mentioned above, especially from July to August. There was a negative correlation between the number of shoot sprouting in the fall and the flower bearing in the next spring.2. Thickening growth of fruits was inhibited by the dry-regimes during each period, especially at the earlier stages of growth. Young fruits werealso dropped by this treatment. Yield and average weight of fruits was higher in wet- than in dryregimes. Color development in fruits was the best in dry-regime during the period from September to October, while the least in the other two dryregimes. Part of fruit rind was enlarged in dryregimes towards the later stages of growth. The content of soluble matter and citric acid in fruit juice was the highest in dry-regime during the period from September to October, while the lowest in wetregime during the same period. Fruit juice in the other two dry-regimes presented no good taste.3. The degree of water saturation deficit (W. S. D.) and diffusion pressure deficit (D. P. D.) in leaf was higher in dry- than in wet-regimes. There was a negative correlation between W. S. D. or D. P. D. and the rate of apparent photosynthesis and transpiration. Nitrogen content in leaf was higher in dry- than in wet-regimes, while phosphorus content in it was just the contrary.The pore space in dry-regimed soil was occupied by a higher proportion of soil air with less water. Soil pH was high in wet-regimes. Soluble salts and NO3-N concentrations in the soil solution were increased by lowering the soil moisture. In conclusion, the medium- and wet-regimes at various growth stages were highly desirable for the growth and yield of young citrus trees. Considering fruit qualities, the sequence of soil moisture supply seemed to be the best in wet- or medium- during the period from May to June, in medium- during from July to August, and in dry-regime during from September to October.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Wet and medium soil moisture favored shoot, leaf, trunk and crown growth.
- Taxon
- young citrus treest0
- Treatment
- wet- and medium-moisture in soile0
- Outcome
- new shoot, leaf number, trunk diameter and tree crowne0
- Direction
- goode0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“young citrus trees”
e0“The growth of plants in new shoot, leaf number, trunk diameter and tree crown was good when supplied with wet- and medium-moisture in soil”
Claim · model-written summary
July–August drought most strongly harmed tree growth.
- Taxon
- young citrus treest0
- Treatment
- drought periode0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- extremee0
- Qualifier
- July to Auguste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“young citrus trees”
e0“The effect of drought period on the growth was decisive as the extreme during from July to August”
Claim · model-written summary
July–August wet conditions gave the greatest flower count the following spring.
- Taxon
- young citrus treest0
- Treatment
- wetregimed during from July to Auguste0
- Outcome
- number of flowers in the next springe0
- Direction
- largeste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“young citrus trees”
e0“The number of flowers in the next spring was the largest in wetregimed during from July to August”
Claim · model-written summary
May–June wet conditions gave the second greatest subsequent flower count.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“young citrus trees”
e0“the next largest during from May to June”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry regimes, especially in July–August, gave the smallest subsequent flower count.
- Taxon
- young citrus treest0
- Treatment
- dry-regimese0
- Outcome
- the smalleste0
- Direction
- smalleste0
- Qualifier
- July to Auguste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“young citrus trees”
e0“the smallest in dry-regimes during the periods mentioned above, especially from July to August”
Claim · model-written summary
Autumn shoot sprouting was negatively correlated with flower bearing the next spring.
Verbatim
t0“young citrus trees”
e0“There was a negative correlation between the number of shoot sprouting in the fall and the flower bearing in the next spring”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry soil regimes inhibited fruit thickening, especially early in fruit growth.
- Taxon
- young citrus treest0
- Treatment
- dry-regimese0
- Outcome
- Thickening growth of fruitse0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- earlier stages of growthe0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“young citrus trees”
e0“Thickening growth of fruits was inhibited by the dry-regimes during each period, especially at the earlier stages of growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry soil regimes caused young-fruit drop.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
t0“young citrus trees”
e0“Young fruits werealso dropped by this treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Wet regimes increased fruit yield and mean weight relative to dry regimes.
Verbatim
t0“young citrus trees”
e0“Yield and average weight of fruits was higher in wet- than in dryregimes”
Claim · model-written summary
September–October dry conditions gave the best fruit color development.
- Taxon
- young citrus treest0
- Treatment
- dry-regime during the period from September to Octobere0
- Outcome
- Color development in fruitse0
- Direction
- beste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“young citrus trees”
e0“Color development in fruits was the best in dry-regime during the period from September to October”
Claim · model-written summary
Late dry regimes enlarged part of the fruit rind.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“young citrus trees”
e0“Part of fruit rind was enlarged in dryregimes towards the later stages of growth”
Claim · model-written summary
September–October dry conditions maximized juice soluble matter and citric acid relative to wet conditions.
Verbatim
t0“young citrus trees”
e0“The content of soluble matter and citric acid in fruit juice was the highest in dry-regime during the period from September to October, while the lowest in wetregime during the same period”
Claim · model-written summary
The other two dry timing regimes produced poor-tasting fruit juice.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“young citrus trees”
e0“Fruit juice in the other two dry-regimes presented no good taste”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry regimes raised leaf water saturation and diffusion pressure deficits compared with wet regimes.
Verbatim
t0“young citrus trees”
e0“The degree of water saturation deficit (W. S. D.) and diffusion pressure deficit (D. P. D.) in leaf was higher in dry- than in wet-regimes”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf water saturation and diffusion pressure deficits were negatively correlated with apparent photosynthesis and transpiration.
Verbatim
t0“young citrus trees”
e0“There was a negative correlation between W. S. D. or D. P. D. and the rate of apparent photosynthesis and transpiration”
e1“and diffusion pressure deficit (D. P. D.) in leaf was higher”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry regimes raised leaf nitrogen content relative to wet regimes.
Verbatim
t0“young citrus trees”
e0“Nitrogen content in leaf was higher in dry- than in wet-regimes”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf phosphorus showed the opposite moisture response from leaf nitrogen.
Verbatim
t0“young citrus trees”
e0“while phosphorus content in it was just the contrary”
Claim · model-written summary
Lowering soil moisture increased soil-solution soluble salts and nitrate nitrogen.
- Taxon
- young citrus treest0
- Treatment
- lowering the soil moisturee0
- Outcome
- Soluble salts and NO3-N concentrations in the soil solutione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“young citrus trees”
e0“Soluble salts and NO3-N concentrations in the soil solution were increased by lowering the soil moisture”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors judged medium and wet regimes desirable for growth and yield.
Verbatim
e0“the medium- and wet-regimes at various growth stages were highly desirable for the growth and yield of young citrus trees”
Claim · model-written summary
For fruit quality, the authors favored wet or medium moisture in May–June, medium in July–August, and dry in September–October.
Verbatim
t0“young citrus trees”
e0“the sequence of soil moisture supply seemed to be the best in wet- or medium- during the period from May to June, in medium- during from July to August, and in dry-regime during from September to October”
The same questions in other papers
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13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- negative
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See all 21 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.