Abstract
Abstract Small‐grain companion crops are commonly used for establishing forage legumes in the north‐central USA. Semidwarf‐stature barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) and oat ( Avena sativa L .) show promise as less competitive and more lodging‐resistant companion crops. This study compared forage production and agronomic characteristics of companion‐cropped semidwarf and conventional‐stature genotypes of barley and oat. Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) was seeded both with and without companion crops in experiments conducted at St. Paul, MN, from 1987 through 1989 on a Waukegan silt loam soil (fine‐silty over sandy or sandy‐skeletal, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludoll). Both semidwarf and conventional‐stature barley and oat genotypes were evaluated. Small‐grain and alfalfa forage harvests were made at the boot and soft dough stages of the small grain. Subsequent alfalfa harvests also were made later in the establishment season and at first flower in the following spring. Light penetration through the canopies of the various companion crops was monitored in all years. Weed biomass was measured in 1989, to estimate weed suppression by the companion crops. Light intensity at the level of the alfalfa within the semidwarf companion crop canopy was consistently higher than within the conventional‐stature companion crops. Averaged over all small‐grain genotypes, companion crop treatments produced from 202 to 2355 kg ha −1 more forage dry matter than direct‐seeded alfalfa (no companion crop). Alfalfa dry matter production during establishment was suppressed by all companion crops, especially those with conventional stature. Weeds were greatly suppressed by all companion crops. Companion crops increased mortality of alfalfa plants during establishment, but did not lower production of the alfalfa at subsequent harvests in the establishment season or in the following spring. Overall, semidwarf and conventional barley and oat were comparable in performance as companion crops in these studies, but semidwarf genotypes should prove particularly advantageous under conditions where lodging is likely to occur.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Light intensity at alfalfa level was consistently higher within semidwarf companion crop canopies than within conventional-stature ones.
- Taxon
- Alfalfa
Medicago sativat0 - Treatment
- semidwarf companion crop canopye0
- Outcome
- Light intensity at the level of the alfalfae0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- conventionale1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa Establishment”
e0“Light intensity at the level of the alfalfa within the semidwarf companion crop canopy was consistently higher”
e1“within the conventional”
Claim · model-written summary
Companion crop treatments produced 202 to 2355 kg per hectare more forage dry matter than direct-seeded alfalfa without a companion crop.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- companion crop treatmentse0
- Outcome
- forage dry mattere2
- Direction
- moree2
- Value
- 202 to 2355 kg hae0
- Comparator
- no companion crope1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa Establishment”
e0“companion crop treatments produced from 202 to 2355 kg ha”
e1“no companion crop”
e2“more forage dry matter”
Claim · model-written summary
Alfalfa dry matter production during establishment was suppressed by all companion crops, especially conventional-stature ones.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- all companion cropse0
- Outcome
- Alfalfa dry matter production during establishmente0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa Establishment”
e0“Alfalfa dry matter production during establishment was suppressed by all companion crops, especially those with conventional stature”
Claim · model-written summary
Weeds were greatly suppressed by all companion crops.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- all companion cropse0
- Interactor
- Weedse0weed
- Outcome
- Weedse0
- Direction
- greatly suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa Establishment”
e0“Weeds were greatly suppressed by all companion crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Companion crops increased mortality of alfalfa plants during establishment.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Companion cropse0
- Outcome
- mortality of alfalfa plantse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa Establishment”
e0“Companion crops increased mortality of alfalfa plants during establishment”
Claim · model-written summary
Companion crops did not lower alfalfa production at later harvests in the establishment season or the following spring.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Companion cropse0
- Outcome
- production of the alfalfa at subsequent harvestse0
- Direction
- did not lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa Establishment”
e0“Companion crops increased mortality of alfalfa plants during establishment, but did not lower production of the alfalfa at subsequent harvests in the establishment season or in the following spring”
Claim · model-written summary
Semidwarf and conventional barley and oat were comparable in performance as companion crops.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- performance as companion cropse0
- Qualifier
- semidwarf and conventional barley and oate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa Establishment”
e0“semidwarf and conventional barley and oat were comparable in performance as companion crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Semidwarf companion genotypes should be particularly advantageous where lodging is likely.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- particularly advantageouse0
- Qualifier
- under conditions where lodging is likely to occure0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa Establishment”
e0“semidwarf genotypes should prove particularly advantageous under conditions where lodging is likely to occur”
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