Abstract
The use of food-crop intercropping, hedgerow intercropping and secondary or cover cropping to increase incomes of resource-poor farmers in South East Asia was investigated. Since all systems improve conservation of nutrients and most give extra marketable produce, they were expected to increase farm profitability. On upland farms in Lampung, South Sumatra, both inter- and secondary crops were found to improve yields compared with cassava monocropping and thus the income derived from growing cassava or rice with maize. These increases were equivalent to between 70 and 440 US dollars per hectare. An economic analysis of the lowland rice-producing systems in North East Thailand suggested that with the exception of growing cowpea, the use of pre-rice cover crops was not profitable despite a substantial increase in rice yield, because the additional labour cost more than the additional income was worth. A benefit of leguminous crops, however, can be the extra marketable product. Groundnut in Indonesia and cowpea in Thailand gave an attractive extra US$ 400–1150 total income increase per hectare per year (i.e. extra yield of the main food crop plus extra marketable produce from the secondary crop) even after the additional costs were deducted. Hedgerow intercropping gave smaller profit margins of about US$ 90. Although both hedgerow intercropping and secondary cropping represent a considerable investment of labour by farmers, this investment may be more feasible than paying for fertilizer on credit. On balance the most attractive option tested was the use of a leguminous secondary crop, e.g. groundnut or multipurpose cowpea, within the food crop cycle.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping and secondary cropping improved yields over cassava monocropping in Lampung.
- Taxon
- cassava
Manihot esculentae0 - Treatment
- inter- and secondary cropse0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- improvee0
- Comparator
- cassava monocroppinge0
- Setting
- Lampung, South Sumatrae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On upland farms in Lampung, South Sumatra, both inter- and secondary crops were found to improve yields compared with cassava monocropping”
Claim · model-written summary
The yield-linked income gains ranged from 70 to 440 US dollars per hectare.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“These increases were equivalent to between 70 and 440 US dollars per hectare”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-rice cover crops other than cowpea were not profitable despite greater rice yield.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- pre-rice cover cropse0
- Outcome
- not profitablee0
- Direction
- not profitablee0
- Qualifier
- additional labour cost more than the additional income was worthe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with the exception of growing cowpea, the use of pre-rice cover crops was not profitable despite a substantial increase in rice yield, because the additional labour cost more than the additional income was worth”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-rice cover cropping substantially increased rice yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- pre-rice cover cropse0
- Outcome
- rice yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the use of pre-rice cover crops was not profitable despite a substantial increase in rice yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Groundnut in Indonesia produced an attractive net total income increase.
- Taxon
- Groundnut
Arachis hypogaeae0 - Outcome
- total income increasee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- US$ 400–1150e0
- Setting
- Indonesiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Groundnut in Indonesia and cowpea in Thailand gave an attractive extra US$ 400–1150 total income increase per hectare per year”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea in Thailand produced an attractive net total income increase.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae0 - Outcome
- total income increasee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- US$ 400–1150e0
- Setting
- Thailande0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Groundnut in Indonesia and cowpea in Thailand gave an attractive extra US$ 400–1150 total income increase per hectare per year”
Claim · model-written summary
Hedgerow intercropping yielded profit margins of about US$ 90.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Hedgerow intercropping gave smaller profit margins of about US$ 90”
Claim · model-written summary
A leguminous secondary crop was the most attractive tested option.
Verbatim
e0“the most attractive option tested was the use of a leguminous secondary crop, e.g. groundnut or multipurpose cowpea, within the food crop cycle”
The same questions in other papers
cover crop · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
21 papers more in this group
See all 25 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.