Abstract
Abstract In Virginia, a disease syndrome characterized by pre-emergence damping-off, delayed emergence, fine root necrosis, stunting, and, under dry conditions, by chlorosis, wilting, and plant death is common on cultivar Essex soybean. In growth chamber studies with naturally infested soil, frequency of isolation of Pythium ultimum from cotyledons and hypocotyls of seedlings was high (72-79%) and significantly greater from susceptible cultivar Essex than from cultivar Dare and V81-141, both resistant to the disease syndrome. Treatment of seeds of cultivar Essex with metalaxyl significantly increased seedling emergence in the growth chamber and field and decreased the disease severity index. In the field, the inoculum density of P. ultimum was greater in an area with a high level of disease than in an area with a low level of disease. In areas where the early phase of the syndrome (delayed emergence and damping-off) was severe, the late phase of the syndrome (stunting and wilt) was also severe. A low percentage (generally less than 8%) of the fine root segments of stunted plants of cultivar Essex assayed over 3 years was colonized by P. ultimum, except in early 1989 when late-phase disease was most severe. Pythium ultimum appears to be the main component of a fungal complex associated with the early phase of the disease and a contributor to the late phase of the disease.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
In growth chamber studies with naturally infested soil, Pythium ultimum was isolated at high frequency (72-79%) from cotyledons and hypocotyls of soybean seedlings.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Organ / stage
- cotyledons and hypocotylse0
- Interactor
- Pythium ultimumGlobisporangium ultimume0pathogen
- Outcome
- frequency of isolation of Pythium ultimume0
- Value
- 72-79%e0
- Setting
- growth chambere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“growth chamber studies with naturally infested soil, frequency of isolation of Pythium ultimum from cotyledons and hypocotyls of seedlings was high (72-79%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Isolation frequency of Pythium ultimum was significantly greater from susceptible cultivar Essex than from resistant cultivars Dare and V81-141.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- cultivar Essexe0
- Interactor
- Pythium ultimumGlobisporangium ultimume0pathogen
- Outcome
- frequency of isolation of Pythium ultimume0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- cultivar Dare and V81-141e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“frequency of isolation of Pythium ultimum from cotyledons and hypocotyls of seedlings was high (72-79%) and significantly greater from susceptible cultivar Essex than from cultivar Dare and V81-141”
Claim · model-written summary
Metalaxyl seed treatment of cultivar Essex significantly increased seedling emergence in the growth chamber and field.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- cultivar Essexe0
- Treatment
- Treatment of seeds of cultivar Essex with metalaxyle0
- Outcome
- seedling emergencee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- growth chamber and fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“Treatment of seeds of cultivar Essex with metalaxyl significantly increased seedling emergence in the growth chamber and field”
Claim · model-written summary
Metalaxyl seed treatment of cultivar Essex decreased the disease severity index.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- cultivar Essexe0
- Treatment
- Treatment of seeds of cultivar Essex with metalaxyle0
- Outcome
- disease severity indexe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“Treatment of seeds of cultivar Essex with metalaxyl significantly increased seedling emergence in the growth chamber and field and decreased the disease severity index”
Claim · model-written summary
In the field, inoculum density of P. ultimum was greater in an area with a high level of disease than in an area with a low level.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- P. ultimumGlobisporangium ultimume0pathogen
- Outcome
- inoculum density of P. ultimume0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- an area with a low level of diseasee0
- Setting
- the fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“In the field, the inoculum density of P. ultimum was greater in an area with a high level of disease than in an area with a low level of disease”
Claim · model-written summary
In areas where the early phase of the syndrome was severe, the late phase (stunting and wilt) was also severe.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- late phase of the syndrome (stunting and wilt) was also severee0
- Qualifier
- areas where the early phase of the syndromee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“In areas where the early phase of the syndrome (delayed emergence and damping-off) was severe, the late phase of the syndrome (stunting and wilt) was also severe”
Claim · model-written summary
Generally less than 8% of fine root segments of stunted Essex plants over 3 years were colonized by P. ultimum, except in early 1989 when late-phase disease was most severe.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- cultivar Essexe0
- Organ / stage
- fine root segmentse0
- Interactor
- P. ultimumGlobisporangium ultimume0pathogen
- Outcome
- colonized by P. ultimume0
- Value
- less than 8%e0
- Qualifier
- except in early 1989 when late-phase disease was most severee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“A low percentage (generally less than 8%) of the fine root segments of stunted plants of cultivar Essex assayed over 3 years was colonized by P. ultimum, except in early 1989 when late-phase disease was most severe”
Claim · model-written summary
Pythium ultimum appears to be the main component of a fungal complex associated with the early phase of the disease and a contributor to the late phase.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- Pythium ultimumGlobisporangium ultimume0pathogen
- Outcome
- early phase of the diseasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“Pythium ultimum appears to be the main component of a fungal complex associated with the early phase of the disease and a contributor to the late phase of the disease”
The same questions in other papers
metalaxyl · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →metalaxyl · disease · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.