Abstract
Abstract Field experiments were conducted to examine the effects of mixed cropping of soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Kurosengoku) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench cv. Yukijirushi) on dry matter production, dinitrogen-fixing activity of soybean nodules and possible nitrogen transfer from soybean to sorghum at four spacing levels, namely 12.5 × 12.5 cm; 17.7 × 17.7 cm; 25 × 25 cm; and 50 × 50 cm. Dry matter production was consistently greater in mixed cropping than in mono-cropping, mainly due to the enhancement of sorghum growth regardless of spacing. Dinitrogen-fixing activity estimated by the acetylene reduction method in soybean decreased with the increase in the plant population density and with mixed cropping. Sorghum growth was closely related to the N accumulated in the plant. N-transfer from soybean was evident and was greatest at a 12.5 × 12.5 cm spacing. N-transfer from soybean to sorghum calculated on the assumption that there is no difference in the absorption ability of soil nitrogen between sorghum and soybean accounted for 32 to 58% of the total nitrogen in sorghum. Although the dinitrogen-fixing activity was reduced at a 12.5 × 12.5 cm spacing, N-transfer was greatest at this spacing. This finding suggests that the relative proximity of the root systems of associated grass/legume is essential for ensuring N-transfer from the legume to the grass. N-transfer becomes significant when other N sources are limited.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Dry matter production was greater in soybean and sorghum mixed cropping than in mono-cropping.
- Treatment
- mixed croppinge0
- Outcome
- dry matter productione0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- mono-croppinge0
- Setting
- Field experimentse1
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dry matter production was consistently greater in mixed cropping than in mono-cropping, mainly due to the enhancement of sorghum growth regardless of spacing”
e1“Field experiments were conducted”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum growth was enhanced in mixed cropping regardless of spacing.
- Treatment
- mixed croppinge0
- Outcome
- sorghum growthe0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
- Qualifier
- regardless of spacinge0
- Comparator
- mono-croppinge0
- Setting
- Field experimentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dry matter production was consistently greater in mixed cropping than in mono-cropping, mainly due to the enhancement of sorghum growth regardless of spacing”
e1“Field experiments were conducted”
Claim · model-written summary
Dinitrogen-fixing activity in soybean decreased as plant population density increased.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe2 - Treatment
- plant population densitye2
- Outcome
- Dinitrogen-fixing activitye2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Setting
- Field experimentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Dinitrogen-fixing activity estimated by the acetylene reduction method in soybean decreased with the increase in the plant population density and with mixed cropping”
e1“Field experiments were conducted”
Claim · model-written summary
Dinitrogen-fixing activity in soybean decreased with mixed cropping.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- mixed croppinge2
- Outcome
- Dinitrogen-fixing activitye2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Setting
- Field experimentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Dinitrogen-fixing activity estimated by the acetylene reduction method in soybean decreased with the increase in the plant population density and with mixed cropping”
e1“Field experiments were conducted”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum growth was closely related to the N accumulated in the plant.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Sorghum growth was closely related to the N accumulated in the plant”
Claim · model-written summary
N-transfer from soybean to sorghum accounted for 32 to 58% of the total nitrogen in sorghum.
- Outcome
- N-transfer from soybean to sorghume4
- Value
- 32 to 58%e4
- Qualifier
- calculated on the assumption that there is no difference in the absorption ability of soil nitrogen between sorghum and soybeane4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“N-transfer from soybean to sorghum calculated on the assumption that there is no difference in the absorption ability of soil nitrogen between sorghum and soybean accounted for 32 to 58% of the total nitrogen in sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
N-transfer from soybean was greatest at the 12.5 × 12.5 cm spacing.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe5
- Treatment
- 12.5 × 12.5 cm spacinge5
- Outcome
- N-transfere5
- Direction
- greateste5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“N-transfer from soybean was evident and was greatest at a 12.5 × 12.5 cm spacing”
Claim · model-written summary
Dinitrogen-fixing activity in soybean was reduced at the 12.5 × 12.5 cm spacing.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- 12.5 × 12.5 cm spacinge6
- Outcome
- dinitrogen-fixing activitye6
- Direction
- reducede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Although the dinitrogen-fixing activity was reduced at a 12.5 × 12.5 cm spacing, N-transfer was greatest at this spacing”
e2“Dinitrogen-fixing activity estimated by the acetylene reduction method in soybean decreased with the increase in the plant population density and with mixed cropping”
Claim · model-written summary
N-transfer becomes significant when other N sources are limited.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“N-transfer becomes significant when other N sources are limited”
e0“N-transfer from soybean to sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative proximity of the root systems of associated grass and legume is essential for N-transfer from the legume to the grass.
- Outcome
- N-transfer from the legume to the grasse7
- Qualifier
- the relative proximity of the root systemse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“the relative proximity of the root systems of associated grass/legume is essential for ensuring N-transfer from the legume to the grass”
e0“N-transfer from soybean to sorghum”
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- positive
- positive
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See all 33 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.