Paper · 1988 · Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis

Diagnostic biases in DRIS evaluations on sweet cherry and hazelnut

Timothy L. Righetti; Othman Alkoshab; Kris Wilder

9
claims
18
verbatim quotes
13
citations
4
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Abstract Five hundred leaf analyses of sweet cherry and hazelnut leaves were evaluated to determine if biases in DRIS formulas could prevent the detection of some deficiencies or excesses. Both one‐equation and two‐equation calculation procedures were evaluated. The one‐equation approach has several disadvantages. The data imply that there are limits on minimum or maximum values that an index can obtain for some elements, but not for others. The range of index values obtainable varies considerably among elements. If the sum of DRIS indices, regardless of sign, is used as a criterion to identify imbalances, relative deficiencies or excesses for some elements are masked. These difficulties are lessened but not entirely eliminated with the original two‐equation procedure. Regardless of the calculation procedure the relationship between DRIS indices and the respective concentrations varied for the elements N, K, P, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, B, and Zn. Some indices are so dependent on the concentration of the element involved that a ratio based diagnosis would have little advantage over a sufficiency range diagnosis. Other elements have indices that are so dependent on the concentrations of other elements that the index is of little use in evaluating nutritional status. Although DRIS is a very useful diagnostic approach, it will not detect all deficiencies or excesses. DRIS serves best as a supplement to sufficiency range based interpretation; providing additional information when severe imbalances exist.

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Claims 9

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

One-equation DRIS indices had element-specific minimum or maximum limits.

Taxon
sweet cherry and hazelnutt0
Outcome
limits on minimum or maximum valuese0
Qualifier
some elementse0
Comparator
otherse0

Verbatim

e0

“The data imply that there are limits on minimum or maximum values that an index can obtain for some elements, but not for others”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 316–444 · show in text ↑
t0

“sweet cherry and hazelnut”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 41–66 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The possible range of DRIS index values varied considerably among elements.

Taxon
sweet cherry and hazelnutt0
Outcome
range of index values obtainablee0
Direction
varies considerablye0
Comparator
elementse0

Verbatim

e0

“The range of index values obtainable varies considerably among elements”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 446–517 · show in text ↑
t0

“sweet cherry and hazelnut”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 41–66 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Using the unsigned sum of DRIS indices masked some relative deficiencies or excesses.

Taxon
sweet cherry and hazelnutt0
Outcome
relative deficiencies or excesses for some elements are maskede0
Qualifier
regardless of signe0
Comparator
some elementse0

Verbatim

e0

“If the sum of DRIS indices, regardless of sign, is used as a criterion to identify imbalances, relative deficiencies or excesses for some elements are masked”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 519–676 · show in text ↑
t0

“sweet cherry and hazelnut”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 41–66 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The two-equation procedure lessened but did not eliminate those diagnostic problems.

Taxon
sweet cherry and hazelnutt0
Outcome
difficultiese0
Direction
lessened but not entirely eliminatede0
Comparator
original two‐equation proceduree0

Verbatim

e0

“These difficulties are lessened but not entirely eliminated with the original two‐equation procedure”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 678–778 · show in text ↑
t0

“sweet cherry and hazelnut”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 41–66 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Relations between DRIS indices and concentrations differed across N, K, P, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, B and Zn regardless of calculation method.

Taxon
sweet cherry and hazelnutt0
Outcome
relationship between DRIS indices and the respective concentrationse0
Direction
variede0
Comparator
elements N, K, P, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, B, and Zne0

Verbatim

e0

“Regardless of the calculation procedure the relationship between DRIS indices and the respective concentrations varied for the elements N, K, P, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, B, and Zn”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 780–954 · show in text ↑
t0

“sweet cherry and hazelnut”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 41–66 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Some DRIS indices depended so strongly on their own element concentration that ratio diagnosis offered little advantage over sufficiency-range diagnosis.

Taxon
sweet cherry and hazelnutt0
Outcome
ratio based diagnosis would have little advantagee0
Comparator
sufficiency range diagnosise0

Verbatim

e0

“Some indices are so dependent on the concentration of the element involved that a ratio based diagnosis would have little advantage over a sufficiency range diagnosis”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 956–1122 · show in text ↑
t0

“sweet cherry and hazelnut”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 41–66 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Other DRIS indices depended on concentrations of other elements enough to be of little use for nutritional evaluation.

Taxon
sweet cherry and hazelnutt0
Outcome
index is of little use in evaluating nutritional statuse0
Comparator
other elementse0

Verbatim

e0

“Other elements have indices that are so dependent on the concentrations of other elements that the index is of little use in evaluating nutritional status”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1124–1278 · show in text ↑
t0

“sweet cherry and hazelnut”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 41–66 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

DRIS did not detect every deficiency or excess.

Taxon
sweet cherry and hazelnutt0
Outcome
detect all deficiencies or excessese0

Not reportedComparatorValue

Verbatim

e0

“it will not detect all deficiencies or excesses”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1332–1379 · show in text ↑
t0

“sweet cherry and hazelnut”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 41–66 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors recommended DRIS as a supplement to sufficiency-range interpretation when severe imbalances exist.

Taxon
sweet cherry and hazelnutt0
Outcome
a supplement to sufficiency range based interpretatione0
Qualifier
when severe imbalances existe0

Verbatim

e0

“DRIS serves best as a supplement to sufficiency range based interpretation; providing additional information when severe imbalances exist”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1381–1518 · show in text ↑
t0

“sweet cherry and hazelnut”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 41–66 · show in text ↑