Abstract
The effects of osmotic dehydration (OD) with or without pulsed vacuum (PV) on hot-air drying kinetics and quality attributes of cherry tomatoes were investigated. Both OD and PVOD pre-treatments were performed for 3 h at 50°C in 50 and 70o Brix sucrose solutions with a solution-to-fruit mass ratio of 4:1, and PVOD was applied for 15 min before OD at atmospheric pressure. Samples were further dried at air temperature of 70°C. Effective moisture diffusivity (D eff) of osmotically dehydrated samples increased gradually while the Deff curve of fresh samples had a plateau stage during hot air drying. Lower glass transition temperature, Tg, values of osmotically dehydrated samples indicated that they needed a lower storage temperature. Both OD and PVOD pre-treatments had advantages in shortening drying cycles and improving quality of products. Compared with air drying, osmo-air drying decreased the total drying time, color change, and hardness of dried samples by 32.26%, 18.11%, and 88.21%, respectively, and increased volume ratio and vitamin C retention rate by 72.31% and 125.82%. As compared with OD, PVOD decreased color change and hardness by 28.48% and 45.17%, increased volume ratio and vitamin C retention rate by 27.41% and 17.77%, but there was no significant difference shown in drying time. Therefore, osmotic pre-treatment can shorten the total dehydration time, and improve the general quality of dried cherry tomatoes.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Osmo-air drying decreased total drying time by 32.26% compared with air drying.
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoes
Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformet0 - Treatment
- osmo-air dryinge0
- Outcome
- total drying timee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 32.26%e0
- Comparator
- air dryinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cherry Tomatoes”
e0“Compared with air drying, osmo-air drying decreased the total drying time, color change, and hardness of dried samples by 32.26%, 18.11%, and 88.21%”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmo-air drying decreased color change by 18.11% compared with air drying.
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoesSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformet0
- Treatment
- osmo-air dryinge0
- Outcome
- color changee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 18.11%e0
- Comparator
- air dryinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cherry Tomatoes”
e0“Compared with air drying, osmo-air drying decreased the total drying time, color change, and hardness of dried samples by 32.26%, 18.11%, and 88.21%”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmo-air drying decreased hardness by 88.21% compared with air drying.
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoesSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformet0
- Treatment
- osmo-air dryinge0
- Outcome
- hardnesse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 88.21%e0
- Comparator
- air dryinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cherry Tomatoes”
e0“Compared with air drying, osmo-air drying decreased the total drying time, color change, and hardness of dried samples by 32.26%, 18.11%, and 88.21%”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmo-air drying increased volume ratio by 72.31% compared with air drying.
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoesSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformet0
- Treatment
- osmo-air dryinge0
- Outcome
- volume ratioe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 72.31%e1
- Comparator
- air dryinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cherry Tomatoes”
e0“Compared with air drying, osmo-air drying”
e1“increased volume ratio and vitamin C retention rate by 72.31% and 125.82%”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmo-air drying increased vitamin C retention rate by 125.82% compared with air drying.
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoesSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformet0
- Treatment
- osmo-air dryinge0
- Outcome
- vitamin C retention ratee1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 125.82%e1
- Comparator
- air dryinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cherry Tomatoes”
e0“Compared with air drying, osmo-air drying”
e1“increased volume ratio and vitamin C retention rate by 72.31% and 125.82%”
Claim · model-written summary
PVOD decreased color change by 28.48% compared with OD.
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoesSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformet0
- Treatment
- PVODe0
- Outcome
- color changee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 28.48%e0
- Comparator
- ODe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cherry Tomatoes”
e0“As compared with OD, PVOD decreased color change and hardness by 28.48% and 45.17%”
Claim · model-written summary
PVOD decreased hardness by 45.17% compared with OD.
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoesSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformet0
- Treatment
- PVODe0
- Outcome
- hardnesse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 45.17%e0
- Comparator
- ODe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cherry Tomatoes”
e0“As compared with OD, PVOD decreased color change and hardness by 28.48% and 45.17%”
Claim · model-written summary
PVOD increased volume ratio by 27.41% compared with OD.
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoesSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformet0
- Treatment
- PVODe0
- Outcome
- volume ratioe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 27.41%e1
- Comparator
- ODe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cherry Tomatoes”
e0“As compared with OD, PVOD”
e1“increased volume ratio and vitamin C retention rate by 27.41% and 17.77%”
Claim · model-written summary
PVOD increased vitamin C retention rate by 17.77% compared with OD.
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoesSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformet0
- Treatment
- PVODe0
- Outcome
- vitamin C retention ratee1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 17.77%e1
- Comparator
- ODe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cherry Tomatoes”
e0“As compared with OD, PVOD”
e1“increased volume ratio and vitamin C retention rate by 27.41% and 17.77%”
Claim · model-written summary
PVOD showed no significant difference in drying time compared with OD.
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoesSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformet0
- Treatment
- PVODe0
- Outcome
- drying timee1
- Direction
- no significant differencee1
- Comparator
- ODe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cherry Tomatoes”
e0“As compared with OD, PVOD”
e1“there was no significant difference shown in drying time”
Claim · model-written summary
OD and PVOD pre-treatments had advantages in shortening drying cycles.
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoesSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformet0
- Treatment
- OD and PVOD pre-treatmentse0
- Outcome
- drying cyclese0
- Direction
- shorteninge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cherry Tomatoes”
e0“Both OD and PVOD pre-treatments had advantages in shortening drying cycles and improving quality of products”
Claim · model-written summary
OD and PVOD pre-treatments had advantages in improving quality of products.
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoesSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformet0
- Treatment
- OD and PVOD pre-treatmentse0
- Outcome
- quality of productse0
- Direction
- improvinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cherry Tomatoes”
e0“Both OD and PVOD pre-treatments had advantages in shortening drying cycles and improving quality of products”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmotic pre-treatment can shorten the total dehydration time of dried cherry tomatoes.
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoesSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformet0
- Treatment
- osmotic pre-treatmente0
- Outcome
- total dehydration timee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cherry Tomatoes”
e0“Therefore, osmotic pre-treatment can shorten the total dehydration time, and improve the general quality of dried cherry tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmotic pre-treatment can improve the general quality of dried cherry tomatoes.
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoesSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformet0
- Treatment
- osmotic pre-treatmente0
- Outcome
- general qualitye0
- Direction
- improvee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cherry Tomatoes”
e0“Therefore, osmotic pre-treatment can shorten the total dehydration time, and improve the general quality of dried cherry tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Glass transition temperature (Tg) values were lower in osmotically dehydrated samples.
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoesSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformet0
- Treatment
- osmotically dehydrated samplese0
- Outcome
- glass transition temperature, Tge0
- Direction
- Lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cherry Tomatoes”
e0“Lower glass transition temperature, Tg, values of osmotically dehydrated samples indicated that they needed a lower storage temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmotically dehydrated samples need a lower storage temperature.
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoesSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformet0
- Treatment
- osmotically dehydrated samplese0
- Outcome
- storage temperaturee0
- Direction
- lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cherry Tomatoes”
e0“Lower glass transition temperature, Tg, values of osmotically dehydrated samples indicated that they needed a lower storage temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
Effective moisture diffusivity of osmotically dehydrated samples increased gradually compared with fresh samples.
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoesSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformet0
- Treatment
- osmotically dehydrated samplese0
- Outcome
- Effective moisture diffusivitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- graduallye0
- Comparator
- fresh samplese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cherry Tomatoes”
e0“Effective moisture diffusivity (D eff) of osmotically dehydrated samples increased gradually while the Deff curve of fresh samples had a plateau stage during hot air drying”
Claim · model-written summary
The Deff curve of fresh samples had a plateau stage during hot air drying.
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoesSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformet0
- Outcome
- Deff curve of fresh samplese0
- Qualifier
- plateau stage during hot air dryinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cherry Tomatoes”
e0“Effective moisture diffusivity (D eff) of osmotically dehydrated samples increased gradually while the Deff curve of fresh samples had a plateau stage during hot air drying”
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