Abstract
A rise in temperature during early spring inducing early maturity is a key yield-reducing factor in late sown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves are rich in zeatin, a cytokinin that plays a role in delaying leaf senescence, in addition to other growth-enhancing compounds such as ascorbates, phenolics, and minerals. The objective of this study was to optimize dose and optimum growth stage for foliar-applied moringa leaf extract (MLE) and its role in delaying leaf senescence in late sown wheat. The wheat crop was sown on 16 December 2008; MLE (diluted 30 times) was applied at different growth stages from tillering to heading and heading alone and distilled water was sprayed as a control. All the MLE treatment results were better than the control. However, an increase of 10.73%, 6.00%, 10.70%, and 4.00% was evident in 1000 grain weight, biological yield, grain yield, and harvest index, respectively, with MLE spray at tillering + jointing + booting + heading. The MLE spray used only at heading gave 6.84%, 3.17%, 6.80%, and 3.51% more than the control 1000 grain weight, biological yield, grain yield, and harvest index, respectively. The MLE extended seasonal leaf area duration (Seasonal LAD) by 9.22 and 6.45 d over the control when applied at all growth stages and a single spray at heading, respectively. We conclude that it is possible that the presence of growth-promoting substances in MLE foliar spray can delay crop maturity and extend seasonal LAD and the grain-filling period, thereby leading to greater seed and biological yields in late sown wheat.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
MLE at tillering, jointing, booting and heading increased wheat 1000 grain weight by 10.73%.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- MLE spray at tillering + jointing + booting + headinge0
- Outcome
- 1000 grain weighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 10.73%e0
- Comparator
- distilled watere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Late Sown Wheat”
e0“However, an increase of 10.73%, 6.00%, 10.70%, and 4.00% was evident in 1000 grain weight, biological yield, grain yield, and harvest index, respectively, with MLE spray at tillering + jointing + booting + heading.”
e1“distilled water was sprayed as a control.”
Claim · model-written summary
MLE at tillering, jointing, booting and heading increased wheat biological yield by 6.00%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- MLE spray at tillering + jointing + booting + headinge0
- Outcome
- biological yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 6.00%e0
- Comparator
- distilled watere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Late Sown Wheat”
e0“However, an increase of 10.73%, 6.00%, 10.70%, and 4.00% was evident in 1000 grain weight, biological yield, grain yield, and harvest index, respectively, with MLE spray at tillering + jointing + booting + heading.”
e1“distilled water was sprayed as a control.”
Claim · model-written summary
MLE at tillering, jointing, booting and heading increased wheat grain yield by 10.70%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- MLE spray at tillering + jointing + booting + headinge0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 10.70%e0
- Comparator
- distilled watere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Late Sown Wheat”
e0“However, an increase of 10.73%, 6.00%, 10.70%, and 4.00% was evident in 1000 grain weight, biological yield, grain yield, and harvest index, respectively, with MLE spray at tillering + jointing + booting + heading.”
e1“distilled water was sprayed as a control.”
Claim · model-written summary
MLE at tillering, jointing, booting and heading increased wheat harvest index by 4.00%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- MLE spray at tillering + jointing + booting + headinge0
- Outcome
- harvest indexe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 4.00%e0
- Comparator
- distilled watere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Late Sown Wheat”
e0“However, an increase of 10.73%, 6.00%, 10.70%, and 4.00% was evident in 1000 grain weight, biological yield, grain yield, and harvest index, respectively, with MLE spray at tillering + jointing + booting + heading.”
e1“distilled water was sprayed as a control.”
Claim · model-written summary
MLE at heading increased wheat 1000 grain weight by 6.84% over control.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- MLE spray used only at headinge0
- Outcome
- 1000 grain weighte0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 6.84%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Late Sown Wheat”
e0“The MLE spray used only at heading gave 6.84%, 3.17%, 6.80%, and 3.51% more than the control 1000 grain weight, biological yield, grain yield, and harvest index, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
MLE at heading increased wheat biological yield by 3.17% over control.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- MLE spray used only at headinge0
- Outcome
- biological yielde0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 3.17%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Late Sown Wheat”
e0“The MLE spray used only at heading gave 6.84%, 3.17%, 6.80%, and 3.51% more than the control 1000 grain weight, biological yield, grain yield, and harvest index, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
MLE at heading increased wheat grain yield by 6.80% over control.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- MLE spray used only at headinge0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 6.80%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Late Sown Wheat”
e0“The MLE spray used only at heading gave 6.84%, 3.17%, 6.80%, and 3.51% more than the control 1000 grain weight, biological yield, grain yield, and harvest index, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
MLE at heading increased wheat harvest index by 3.51% over control.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- MLE spray used only at headinge0
- Outcome
- harvest indexe0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 3.51%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Late Sown Wheat”
e0“The MLE spray used only at heading gave 6.84%, 3.17%, 6.80%, and 3.51% more than the control 1000 grain weight, biological yield, grain yield, and harvest index, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
MLE all growth stages extended seasonal leaf area duration by 9.22.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- all growth stagese0
- Outcome
- seasonal leaf area duratione0
- Direction
- extendede0
- Value
- 9.22e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Late Sown Wheat”
e0“The MLE extended seasonal leaf area duration (Seasonal LAD) by 9.22 and 6.45 d over the control when applied at all growth stages and a single spray at heading, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
MLE a single spray at heading extended seasonal leaf area duration by 6.45 d.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- a single spray at headinge0
- Outcome
- seasonal leaf area duratione0
- Direction
- extendede0
- Value
- 6.45 de0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Late Sown Wheat”
e0“The MLE extended seasonal leaf area duration (Seasonal LAD) by 9.22 and 6.45 d over the control when applied at all growth stages and a single spray at heading, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest growth-promoting substances in MLE may delay wheat maturity and extend grain filling and leaf area duration, increasing yields.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- MLE foliar spraye0
- Outcome
- delay crop maturity and extend seasonal LAD and the grain-filling periode0
- Qualifier
- presence of growth-promoting substancese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We conclude that it is possible that the presence of growth-promoting substances in MLE foliar spray can delay crop maturity and extend seasonal LAD and the grain-filling period, thereby leading to greater seed and biological yields in late sown wheat.”
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