Abstract
In this study, investigated were the effects of NaCl (60 mmol/dm-3) and NaCl supplemented with different salts (5 mmol/dm-3 CaCl2, CaSO4, CaCO3, KCl), on growth of two maize varieties (Cyrkon and Limko). After 7 days of cultivation in nutrient solution the growth response to salinity of both maize varieties was similar. NaCl led to a dramatic decrease in growth of plants (approx. 50% reduction in fresh and dry weight of root, and 70% reduction in fresh weight of shoot). Addition of extra Ca2+ or K+ to nutrient solution containing NaCl did not definitely improve the growth parameters of maize. However, among the tested salts, CaCl2 had a beneficial visual effect on maize seedlings. In other cases the plants showed noticeable symptoms of salt damage. In long term exposure to salinity (two weeks) growth of Cyrkon was more inhibited than Limko. Comparison of growth responses in short-term exposure to salinity (7 days) with long-term (14 days) showed that in Cyrkon variety the negative effects of NaCl were intensified and addition of CaCl2 to salinized solution had not positive effects on growth. On the contrary, in Limko variety, there was a significant improvement in growth (especially in root dry weight). This fact indicates that during longer exposure to salinity Limko was able to adapt to those conditions. Salinity caused a significant decrease in leaf nitrate reductase activity (60% and 30% reduction respectively in Limko and Cyrkon). Addition of CaCl2 to salinized nutrient solution resulted in greater enzyme inhibition in Cyrkon (50% decline in relation to plants grown under sole NaCl), and 30% increase in Limko. Inhibition of nitrate reductase activity did not cause a decrease in concentration of soluble protein in maize leaves.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Cyrkon and Limko had similar short-term growth responses to salinity.
- Material
- Cyrkon and Limkoe1
- Outcome
- growth response to salinitye0
- Direction
- similare0
- Qualifier
- After 7 days of cultivation in nutrient solutione0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 7 days of cultivation in nutrient solution the growth response to salinity of both maize varieties was similar.”
e1“two maize varieties (Cyrkon and Limko)”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl reduced root fresh and dry weight by approximately 50%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl led to a dramatic decrease in growth of plants (approx. 50% reduction in fresh and dry weight of root, and 70% reduction in fresh weight of shoot).”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl reduced shoot fresh weight by 70%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl led to a dramatic decrease in growth of plants (approx. 50% reduction in fresh and dry weight of root, and 70% reduction in fresh weight of shoot).”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Extra calcium or potassium did not clearly improve growth under NaCl.
- Treatment
- extra Ca2+ or K+e0
- Outcome
- growth parameters of maizee0
- Direction
- did not definitely improvee0
- Comparator
- nutrient solution containing NaCle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of extra Ca2+ or K+ to nutrient solution containing NaCl did not definitely improve the growth parameters of maize.”
Claim · model-written summary
CaCl2 had a beneficial visual effect on maize seedlings.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CaCl2 had a beneficial visual effect on maize seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
Other tested salts caused visible salt damage symptoms.
- Outcome
- noticeable symptoms of salt damagee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In other cases the plants showed noticeable symptoms of salt damage.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
After two weeks, Cyrkon growth was more inhibited than Limko growth.
- Material
- Cyrkone0
- Outcome
- growth of Cyrkone0
- Direction
- more inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- two weekse0
- Comparator
- Limkoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In long term exposure to salinity (two weeks) growth of Cyrkon was more inhibited than Limko.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl effects on Cyrkon intensified between 7 and 14 days.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Cyrkon variety the negative effects of NaCl were intensified”
e1“short-term exposure to salinity (7 days) with long-term (14 days)”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
CaCl2 did not improve Cyrkon growth in saline solution.
- Material
- Cyrkone1
- Treatment
- CaCl2 to salinized solutione0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- had not positive effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“addition of CaCl2 to salinized solution had not positive effects on growth.”
e1“in Cyrkon variety the negative effects of NaCl were intensified”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Limko growth, especially root dry weight, improved significantly with calcium supplementation.
- Material
- Limkoe0
- Treatment
- CaCl2 to salinized solutione1
- Outcome
- growth (especially in root dry weight)e0
- Direction
- improvemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Limko variety, there was a significant improvement in growth (especially in root dry weight).”
e1“addition of CaCl2 to salinized solution”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced Limko leaf nitrate reductase activity by 60%.
- Material
- Limkoe0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- leaf nitrate reductase activitye0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 60%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity caused a significant decrease in leaf nitrate reductase activity (60% and 30% reduction respectively in Limko and Cyrkon).”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced Cyrkon leaf nitrate reductase activity by 30%.
- Material
- Cyrkone0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- leaf nitrate reductase activitye0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 30%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity caused a significant decrease in leaf nitrate reductase activity (60% and 30% reduction respectively in Limko and Cyrkon).”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
CaCl2 further reduced Cyrkon nitrate reductase activity by 50% compared with NaCl alone.
- Material
- Cyrkone0
- Treatment
- CaCl2 to salinized nutrient solutione0
- Outcome
- enzyme inhibitione0
- Direction
- declinee0
- Value
- 50%e0
- Comparator
- plants grown under sole NaCle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of CaCl2 to salinized nutrient solution resulted in greater enzyme inhibition in Cyrkon (50% decline in relation to plants grown under sole NaCl)”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
CaCl2 increased Limko nitrate reductase activity by 30% under salinity.
- Material
- Limkoe0
- Treatment
- CaCl2 to salinized nutrient solutione1
- Outcome
- leaf nitrate reductase activitye2
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 30%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and 30% increase in Limko.”
e1“Addition of CaCl2 to salinized nutrient solution resulted in greater enzyme inhibition in Cyrkon”
e2“leaf nitrate reductase activity”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibited nitrate reductase did not lower soluble protein concentration in maize leaves.
- Gene
- nitrate reductasee0
- Outcome
- concentration of soluble protein in maize leavese0
- Direction
- did not cause a decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inhibition of nitrate reductase activity did not cause a decrease in concentration of soluble protein in maize leaves.”
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