Abstract
A new phytotoxin, stemphyloxin I, C(21)H(32)O(5), was isolated from cultures of the pathogenic fungus Stemphylium botryosum f. sp. lycopersici. The toxin is a tricyclic compound possessing a most unusual beta-ketoaldehyde group. Injection of stemphyloxin I into a tomato leaflet caused unlimited necrotic spots and a loss of turgor, which at higher toxin concentration wilted the whole compound leaf. Visible symptoms could be observed at a toxin concentration as low as 2.7 micromolar. Stemphyloxin I is a nonspecific toxin. It exhibits a differential toxicity towards various plants, tomato and eggplant being the most sensitive. Incorporation of [(14)C]amino acids into proteins of exponentially growing tomato cell suspension was completely suppressed in the presence of 1 micromolar toxin. The toxin showed no significant difference in its inhibitory activity against green and white tomato cell cultures. The methoxy derivative of stemphyloxin I, in which the beta-ketoaldehyde group is exclusively modified, showed a reduction of approximately 50 times in its inhibitory activity as compared to the toxin. The diacetate derivative conferred the same activity as stemphyloxin I.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Stemphyloxin I caused necrotic spots and loss of turgor in tomato leaflets.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Organ / stage
- leaflete0
- Treatment
- Injection of stemphyloxin Ie0
- Outcome
- unlimited necrotic spots and a loss of turgore0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Injection of stemphyloxin I into a tomato leaflet caused unlimited necrotic spots and a loss of turgor”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher toxin concentrations wilted the whole tomato leaf.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume7
- Treatment
- higher toxin concentratione0
- Outcome
- wilted the whole compound leafe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at higher toxin concentration wilted the whole compound leaf”
e7“a tomato leaflet caused unlimited necrotic spots”
Claim · model-written summary
Visible symptoms occurred at 2.7 micromolar toxin.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume7
- Treatment
- toxine0
- Outcome
- Visible symptomse0
- Value
- 2.7 micromolare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Visible symptoms could be observed at a toxin concentration as low as 2.7 micromolar.”
e7“a tomato leaflet caused unlimited necrotic spots”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato and eggplant were the most sensitive plants to the toxin.
- Taxon
- tomato and eggplantSolanum lycopersicum
Solanum melongenae0 - Outcome
- toxicitye0
- Direction
- most sensitivee0
- Comparator
- various plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It exhibits a differential toxicity towards various plants, tomato and eggplant being the most sensitive.”
Claim · model-written summary
One micromolar toxin completely suppressed amino acid incorporation into tomato cell proteins.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- cell suspensione0
- Treatment
- 1 micromolar toxine0
- Outcome
- Incorporation of [(14)C]amino acids into proteinse0
- Direction
- completely suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Incorporation of [(14)C]amino acids into proteins of exponentially growing tomato cell suspension was completely suppressed in the presence of 1 micromolar toxin.”
Claim · model-written summary
Toxin inhibition did not significantly differ between green and white tomato cultures.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- green and white tomato cell culturese0
- Outcome
- inhibitory activitye0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The toxin showed no significant difference in its inhibitory activity against green and white tomato cell cultures.”
Claim · model-written summary
The methoxy derivative had about 50-fold lower inhibitory activity than the toxin.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume7
- Treatment
- methoxy derivative of stemphyloxin Ie0
- Outcome
- inhibitory activitye0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- approximately 50 timese0
- Comparator
- the toxine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The methoxy derivative of stemphyloxin I, in which the beta-ketoaldehyde group is exclusively modified, showed a reduction of approximately 50 times in its inhibitory activity as compared to the toxin.”
e7“a tomato leaflet caused unlimited necrotic spots”
Claim · model-written summary
The diacetate derivative had the same activity as stemphyloxin I.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume7
- Treatment
- diacetate derivativee0
- Outcome
- activitye0
- Direction
- samee0
- Comparator
- stemphyloxin Ie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The diacetate derivative conferred the same activity as stemphyloxin I.”
e7“a tomato leaflet caused unlimited necrotic spots”
The same questions in other papers
application · physiology: water · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →pathogen product · molecular: metabolites · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.