Abstract
Cuttings of birch (Betula pendula Roth), poplar (Populus Xeuramericana (Dode) Guinier cv. Dorskamp), and alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) were exposed in the open field to ambient ozone (O3), in both full sunlight and shade conditions, and in field fumigation chambers to filtered air (FA) or FA plus added O3 (75 nL.L-1) from 07:00 to 19:00, 19:00 to 07:00, or for 24 h. Appearance of O3-induced leaf symptoms was related to changes at the cellular level, especially in the cell wall. Changes were analyzed by light, fluorescence, transmission electron, and low-temperature scanning electron microscopy. Visible leaf symptoms appeared after 23-39 days of fumigation in chambers at all three elevated O3 regimes. Shaded birch showed increased sensitivity to ambient O3 compared with birch grown in sunlight. In the presence of visible O3 injury, mesophyll cell walls of birch and poplar leaves were thickened, and droplet-like exudates (projections) formed on cell walls adjacent to intercellular air spaces and increased as symptoms worsened. The main exudate constituents were esterified pectins (calcium pectate), a small amount of protein (more than in the cell wall proper), and callose (in poplar leaves only). These exudates indicate that O3 has caused a slow intercellular oxidative process to occur at the cell walls.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Visible leaf symptoms appeared after 23-39 days of fumigation in chambers at all three elevated O3 regimes.
- Treatment
- fumigation in chambers at all three elevated O3 regimese0
- Outcome
- Visible leaf symptoms appearede0
- Value
- 23-39 dayse0
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Visible leaf symptoms appeared after 23-39 days of fumigation in chambers at all three elevated O3 regimes”
Claim · model-written summary
Shaded birch showed increased sensitivity to ambient O3 compared with birch grown in sunlight.
Verbatim
e0“Shaded birch showed increased sensitivity to ambient O3 compared with birch grown in sunlight”
Claim · model-written summary
In the presence of visible O3 injury, mesophyll cell walls of birch leaves were thickened.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“In the presence of visible O3 injury, mesophyll cell walls of birch and poplar leaves were thickened, and droplet-like exudates (projections) formed on cell walls adjacent to intercellular air spaces and increased as symptoms worsened”
Claim · model-written summary
In the presence of visible O3 injury, mesophyll cell walls of poplar leaves were thickened.
PopulusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the presence of visible O3 injury, mesophyll cell walls of birch and poplar leaves were thickened, and droplet-like exudates (projections) formed on cell walls adjacent to intercellular air spaces and increased as symptoms worsened”
Claim · model-written summary
Droplet-like exudates formed on birch mesophyll cell walls next to intercellular air spaces and increased as symptoms worsened.
- Taxon
- birche0
- Treatment
- visible O3 injurye0
- Outcome
- droplet-like exudates (projections)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- as symptoms worsenede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“In the presence of visible O3 injury, mesophyll cell walls of birch and poplar leaves were thickened, and droplet-like exudates (projections) formed on cell walls adjacent to intercellular air spaces and increased as symptoms worsened”
Claim · model-written summary
Droplet-like exudates formed on poplar mesophyll cell walls next to intercellular air spaces and increased as symptoms worsened.
- Treatment
- visible O3 injurye0
- Outcome
- droplet-like exudates (projections)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- as symptoms worsenede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the presence of visible O3 injury, mesophyll cell walls of birch and poplar leaves were thickened, and droplet-like exudates (projections) formed on cell walls adjacent to intercellular air spaces and increased as symptoms worsened”
Claim · model-written summary
The main exudate constituents were esterified pectins (calcium pectate) and a small amount of protein, more than in the cell wall proper.
- Outcome
- main exudate constituentse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The main exudate constituents were esterified pectins (calcium pectate), a small amount of protein (more than in the cell wall proper)”
Claim · model-written summary
Callose was an exudate constituent in poplar leaves only.
- Outcome
- callosee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“callose (in poplar leaves only)”
Claim · model-written summary
Appearance of O3-induced leaf symptoms was related to changes at the cellular level, especially in the cell wall.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“Appearance of O3-induced leaf symptoms was related to changes at the cellular level, especially in the cell wall”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that O3 caused a slow intercellular oxidative process at the cell walls, as indicated by the exudates.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“O3 has caused a slow intercellular oxidative process to occur at the cell walls”
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