Abstract
ABSTRACT The influence of nitrogen (N) sources on biomass yield and nutrient uptake of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under saline conditions was studied in a greenhouse experiment. Six different forms of N {nitrate-N as Ca(NO3)2, urea-N [CO(NH2)2], ammonium-N as (NH4)2SO4, nitrate-N+urea-N, nitrate-N+ammonium-N and a control (no N fertilizer)} were factorially combined with three levels of salinity to give a total of 18 treatments that were replicated three times. Each of the five levels of applied N was at the rate of 100 kg ha−1. The salinity levels (ECe) were 6.2 and 12.1 dSm−1, denoted as S 1 and S 2 and untreated soil (S 0), respectively. A basal dose of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) was also applied. Five wheat plants were grown in each pot for six weeks. Data were collected for shoot and root biomass and shoot samples were analyzed for N, P, K, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), and micronutrients contents. Plant growth and nutrient uptake were influenced by both salinity and source of N. As expected, increasing salinity decreased dry matter production of shoot and root, whereas N application increased plant growth across all levels of salinity. The total dry biomass (shoot and root) of wheat was significantly higher in combined N treatments than in single sources. Irrespective of N forms most of the nutrient concentrations in the shoot was increased with increasing level of salinity. Among the fertilizers the concentration of cation was higher in nitrate-treated plants than in other forms of N. Ammonium-N and urea-N tended to inhibit the uptake of cations compared to nitrate-N under saline conditions. The trend for P and Cl concentration was almost opposite to that of cations concentration in the shoot. The uptake of nutrients seemed to be influenced by cation–anion balance in soil-plant system. Nitrogen concentration of shoot was greatly enhanced by all forms of N in the following order: Ni>NiAm>Am>NiUr>Ur>control. The interactive effect of salinity and fertilizer on iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) contents was not consistent. Among the fertilizers the concentration of trace elements in the shoot was also not significantly different. It was concluded that the plant growth and nutrient concentration of shoot could depend upon N source and level of salinity. The mixed application of both ammoniacal and nitrate forms of N could possibly be conducive to plant growth in salt affected soils.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity decreased shoot dry matter.
- Taxon
- WHEAT
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- increasing salinitye0
- Outcome
- dry matter production of shoote0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing salinity decreased dry matter production of shoot and root”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity decreased root dry matter.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increasing salinitye0
- Outcome
- dry matter production of shoot and roote0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing salinity decreased dry matter production of shoot and root”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
N application increased growth at all salinity levels.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N applicatione0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N application increased plant growth across all levels of salinity.”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined nitrogen sources yielded more total dry biomass than single sources.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- combined N treatmentse0
- Outcome
- total dry biomass (shoot and root)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- single sourcese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total dry biomass (shoot and root) of wheat was significantly higher in combined N treatments than in single sources.”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot nutrient concentrations generally increased with salinity.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increasing level of salinitye0
- Outcome
- nutrient concentrations in the shoote0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrespective of N forms most of the nutrient concentrations in the shoot was increased with increasing level of salinity.”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrate treatment gave higher cation concentration than other nitrogen forms.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- nitrate-treatede0
- Outcome
- concentration of catione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other forms of Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the concentration of cation was higher in nitrate-treated plants than in other forms of N.”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrogen inhibited cation uptake relative to nitrate under salinity.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Ammonium-Ne0
- Outcome
- uptake of cationse0
- Direction
- inhibite0
- Comparator
- nitrate-Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ammonium-N and urea-N tended to inhibit the uptake of cations compared to nitrate-N under saline conditions.”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea nitrogen inhibited cation uptake relative to nitrate under salinity.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- urea-Ne0
- Outcome
- uptake of cationse0
- Direction
- inhibite0
- Comparator
- nitrate-Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ammonium-N and urea-N tended to inhibit the uptake of cations compared to nitrate-N under saline conditions.”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot phosphorus and chloride concentration followed a trend opposite cations.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- P and Cl concentratione0
- Qualifier
- almost opposite to that of cations concentratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The trend for P and Cl concentration was almost opposite to that of cations concentration in the shoot.”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
N uptake appeared influenced by soil–plant cation–anion balance.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- uptake of nutrientse0
- Qualifier
- cation–anion balance in soil-plant systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The uptake of nutrients seemed to be influenced by cation–anion balance in soil-plant system.”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
All forms of N enhanced shoot N concentration in the stated rank order.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- all forms of Ne0
- Outcome
- Nitrogen concentration of shoote0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- Ni>NiAm>Am>NiUr>Ur>controle0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen concentration of shoot was greatly enhanced by all forms of N in the following order: Ni>NiAm>Am>NiUr>Ur>control.”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity–fertilizer interactions on Fe, Mn and Zn were inconsistent.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) contentse0
- Qualifier
- not consistente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The interactive effect of salinity and fertilizer on iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) contents was not consistent.”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer treatments did not significantly differ in shoot trace element concentration.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- concentration of trace elements in the shoote0
- Direction
- not significantly differente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the fertilizers the concentration of trace elements in the shoot was also not significantly different.”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggest mixed ammoniacal and nitrate N could favor growth in saline soils.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- mixed application of both ammoniacal and nitrate forms of N could possibly be conducive to plant growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mixed application of both ammoniacal and nitrate forms of N could possibly be conducive to plant growth in salt affected soils.”
t0“WHEAT”
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