Abstract
This work describes the development and utilization of a plant cell culture production approach to biosynthesize and radiolabel phytoene and phytofluene for prostate cancer cell culture studies. The herbicide norflurazon was added to established cell suspension cultures of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. VFNT cherry), to induce the biosynthesis and accumulation of the lycopene precursors, phytoene and phytofluene, in their natural isomeric forms (15-cis-phytoene and two cis-phytofluene isomers). Norflurazon concentrations, solvent carrier type and concentration, and duration of culture exposure to norflurazon were screened to optimize phytoene and phytofluene synthesis. Maximum yields of both phytoene and phytofluene were achieved after 7 days of treatment with 0.03 mg norflurazon/40 mL fresh medium, provided in 0.07% solvent carrier. Introduction of 14C-sucrose to the tomato cell culture medium enabled the production of 14C-labeled phytoene for subsequent prostate tumor cell uptake studies. In DU 145 prostate tumor cells, it was determined that 15-cis-phytoene and an oxidized product of phytoene were taken up and partially metabolized by the cells. The ability to biosynthesize, radiolabel, and isolate these carotenoids from tomato cell cultures is a novel, valuable methodology for further in vitro and in vivo investigations into the roles of phytoene and phytofluene in cancer chemoprevention.
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Claims 3
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum yields of phytoene and phytofluene in tomato cell culture after 7 days of norflurazon treatment
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume2 - Material
- VFNT cherrye2
- Treatment
- 0.03 mg norflurazon/40 mL fresh mediume1
- Outcome
- yields of both phytoene and phytofluenee1
- Direction
- Maximume1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Maximum yields of both phytoene and phytofluene were achieved after 7 days of treatment with 0.03 mg norflurazon/40 mL fresh medium, provided in 0.07% solvent carrier”
e2“cell suspension cultures of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. VFNT cherry)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato cell-culture-derived 15-cis-phytoene and an oxidized product were taken up by DU 145 prostate tumor cells
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Interactor
- DU 145 prostate tumor cellse3other
- Compound
- 15-cis-phytoenee3
- Outcome
- taken up and partially metabolizede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“cell suspension cultures of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. VFNT cherry)”
e3“In DU 145 prostate tumor cells, it was determined that 15-cis-phytoene and an oxidized product of phytoene were taken up and partially metabolized by the cells”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 14C-sucrose to tomato cell culture enabled production of 14C-labeled phytoene
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume4
- Treatment
- 14C-sucrosee4
- Outcome
- production of 14C-labeled phytoenee4
- Direction
- enablede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Introduction of 14C-sucrose to the tomato cell culture medium enabled the production of 14C-labeled phytoene”
The same questions in other papers
in vitro · yield · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
45 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
56 papers more in this group
See all 60 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.