Abstract
Abstract Effects of O 3 and/or elevated CO 2 on two‐spotted spider mites ( Tetranychus urticae Koch) grown on an O 3 ‐sensitive and an O 3 ‐resistant clone of white clover ( Trifolium repens L.) were measured in greenhouse and field experiments. Peanut ( Arachis hypogeae L.) ‘NC‐9’ was used in one greenhouse study with O 3 . In field studies, O 3 treatments were charcoal filtered air (CF), nonfiltered air (NF), and two NF treatments with O 3 added for 12 h d −1 at proportions of ≈ 1.25 and 1.50 times the ambient O 3 concentration. In greenhouse studies, constant amounts of O 3 were added to CF for 6 h d −1 to achieve mean concentrations ranging from 5 to 100 nL L −1 . For the greenhouse O 3 × CO 2 experiment, CO 2 concentrations were ambient and approximately twice‐ambient for 24 h d −1 . Plants were exposed to O 3 and/or CO 2 for ≈7 d before infestation with mites; daily exposures continued for 14 to 28 d to allow reproduction for at least two generations. Leaves were sampled to count eggs, larvae, nymphs, and adults. Ozone caused more chlorosis and necrosis on the O 3 ‐sensitive clover clone (NC‐S) than on the O 3 ‐resistant clone (NC‐R). Carbon dioxide enrichment increased shoot growth of both clones by ≈33%. Statistical analyses indicated significant O 3 effects in some experiments and nonsignificant O 3 effects in others. A trend toward increased mite populations with increased O 3 occurred, however, on NC‐S in all trials. No consistent trends occurred with NC‐R. With peanut, a significant linear increase in mite population occurred with increased O 3 . Carbon dioxide enrichment increased the rate of population increase on both clover clones, but more so on NC‐R. At 22 to 28 d after infestation, the total population in the twice‐ambient CO 2 treatment was 65% greater than in the ambient treatment for NC‐R and 22% greater than in the ambient treatment for NC‐S. There were no statistically significant interactive effects between CO 2 and O 3 on mite population growth. The apparent clone effects on mite population response to O 3 and CO 2 strongly suggest that responses were mediated through the host plants.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone caused more chlorosis and necrosis on the O 3-sensitive white clover clone than on the O 3-resistant clone.
- Taxon
- White Clover
Trifolium repenst0 - Material
- O 3 ‐sensitive clover clone (NC‐S)e0
- Treatment
- Ozonee0
- Outcome
- chlorosis and necrosise0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- the O 3 ‐resistant clone (NC‐R)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ozone caused more chlorosis and necrosis on the O 3 ‐sensitive clover clone (NC‐S) than on the O 3 ‐resistant clone (NC‐R)”
t0“White Clover”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon dioxide enrichment increased shoot growth of both white clover clones by about 33%.
- Taxon
- White CloverTrifolium repenst0
- Treatment
- Carbon dioxide enrichmente1
- Outcome
- shoot growthe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- ≈33%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Carbon dioxide enrichment increased shoot growth of both clones by ≈33%”
t0“White Clover”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone effects on white clover were significant in some experiments and nonsignificant in others.
- Taxon
- White CloverTrifolium repenst0
- Treatment
- O 3e2
- Outcome
- O 3 effectse2
- Qualifier
- nonsignificant O 3 effects in otherse2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Statistical analyses indicated significant O 3 effects in some experiments and nonsignificant O 3 effects in others”
t0“White Clover”
Claim · model-written summary
A trend toward increased mite populations with increased ozone occurred on the O 3-sensitive clone NC-S in all trials.
- Taxon
- White CloverTrifolium repenst0
- Material
- NC‐Se3
- Treatment
- O 3e3
- Interactor
- mitee3pest
- Outcome
- mite populationse3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Qualifier
- trende3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“A trend toward increased mite populations with increased O 3 occurred, however, on NC‐S in all trials”
t0“White Clover”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon dioxide enrichment increased the rate of population increase on both white clover clones, more so on NC-R.
- Taxon
- White CloverTrifolium repenst0
- Treatment
- Carbon dioxide enrichmente4
- Outcome
- rate of population increasee4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Qualifier
- but more so on NC‐Re4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Carbon dioxide enrichment increased the rate of population increase on both clover clones, but more so on NC‐R”
t0“White Clover”
Claim · model-written summary
At 22 to 28 days after infestation, the total population on NC-R in the twice-ambient CO2 treatment was 65% greater than in the ambient treatment.
- Taxon
- White CloverTrifolium repenst0
- Material
- NC‐Re5
- Treatment
- twice‐ambient CO 2e5
- Outcome
- total populatione5
- Direction
- greatere5
- Value
- 65%e5
- Comparator
- ambient treatmente5
- Setting
- 22 to 28 d after infestatione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“At 22 to 28 d after infestation, the total population in the twice‐ambient CO 2 treatment was 65% greater than in the ambient treatment for NC‐R and 22% greater than in the ambient treatment for NC‐S”
t0“White Clover”
Claim · model-written summary
At 22 to 28 days after infestation, the total population on NC-S in the twice-ambient CO2 treatment was 22% greater than in the ambient treatment.
- Taxon
- White CloverTrifolium repenst0
- Material
- NC‐Se5
- Treatment
- twice‐ambient CO 2e5
- Outcome
- total populatione5
- Direction
- greatere5
- Value
- 22%e5
- Comparator
- ambient treatmente5
- Setting
- 22 to 28 d after infestatione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“At 22 to 28 d after infestation, the total population in the twice‐ambient CO 2 treatment was 65% greater than in the ambient treatment for NC‐R and 22% greater than in the ambient treatment for NC‐S”
t0“White Clover”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon dioxide and ozone had no statistically significant interactive effect on mite population growth.
- Taxon
- White CloverTrifolium repenst0
- Treatment
- CO 2 and O 3e7
- Outcome
- mite population growthe7
- Direction
- no statistically significante7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“There were no statistically significant interactive effects between CO 2 and O 3 on mite population growth”
t0“White Clover”
Claim · model-written summary
Clone effects on mite population response to ozone and CO2 suggest that the responses were mediated through the host plants.
- Taxon
- White CloverTrifolium repenst0
- Outcome
- mite population responsee0
- Qualifier
- responses were mediated through the host plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The apparent clone effects on mite population response to O 3 and CO 2 strongly suggest that responses were mediated through the host plants”
t0“White Clover”
Claim · model-written summary
With peanut, mite population increased significantly with increased ozone.
- Taxon
- Peanut
Arachis hypogaeat1 - Treatment
- O 3e1
- Interactor
- mitee1pest
- Outcome
- mite populatione1
- Direction
- increasee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“With peanut, a significant linear increase in mite population occurred with increased O 3”
t1“Peanut”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · pest · Trifolium repens (white clover)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- no effect
ozone · physiology: pigments · Trifolium repens (white clover)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.