Abstract
Abstract We examined the effects of long‐term storage on the fermentation quality, chemical composition, and digestibility of wilted whole crop rice silage prepared using a roll baler for chopped material (set chop length, 13 mm) and compared the results with those obtained by using a conventional roll baler. The roll balers were used for ensiling whole crop rice of three types: (i) dough‐ripe stage with light wilting (45% dry matter); (ii) dough‐ripe stage with heavy wilting (65% dry matter); and (iii) yellow‐ripe stage with light wilting (45% dry matter). The apparent dry matter density was higher in the ensiled roll bales composed of chopped whole crop rice (chopped bales) than in those composed of non‐chopped whole crop rice (conventional bales) (195–250 kg m −3 vs 156–218 kg m −3 , respectively). The formation of volatile fatty acids and ammonia‐nitrogen was low in all types of silage. Further, no marked differences in the chemical composition and apparent dry matter digestibility were observed between silage from the two types of bales. However, there were significant differences in their lactic acid and ethanol contents. The lactic acid production in the conventional silage was low (0.08–0.14% fresh matter), whereas that in the chopped silage was high (0.71–0.97% fresh matter). A lower pH value (pH 4.0–4.3) was retained in the chopped silage after 10 months of storage. High ethanol production (1.1–2.5% fresh matter) was observed in the conventional silage, whereas ethanol production decreased to less than 1% in the chopped silage. These results indicate that although the ethanol fermentation is readily enhanced in the ensilage of wilted whole crop rice performed by a conventional baler, the ensilage performed by a baler for chopped material encourages lactic acid fermentation and suppresses ethanol production over a wide moisture range throughout the long‐term storage.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Chopped rice bales had higher dry matter density than conventional bales.
Verbatim
e0“The apparent dry matter density was higher in the ensiled roll bales composed of chopped whole crop rice (chopped bales) than in those composed of non‐chopped whole crop rice (conventional bales) (195–250 kg m −3 vs 156–218 kg m −3 , respectively).”
Claim · model-written summary
Volatile fatty acid and ammonia nitrogen formation was low across silage types.
Verbatim
e0“The formation of volatile fatty acids and ammonia‐nitrogen was low in all types of silage.”
t0“whole crop rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical composition did not markedly differ between chopped and conventional silage.
Verbatim
e0“no marked differences in the chemical composition and apparent dry matter digestibility were observed between silage from the two types of bales.”
t0“whole crop rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Apparent dry matter digestibility did not markedly differ between silage bale types.
Verbatim
e0“no marked differences in the chemical composition and apparent dry matter digestibility were observed between silage from the two types of bales.”
t0“whole crop rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional silage had low lactic acid production.
Verbatim
e0“The lactic acid production in the conventional silage was low (0.08–0.14% fresh matter)”
t0“whole crop rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chopped silage had high lactic acid production.
- Taxon
- whole crop ricet0
- Treatment
- chopped silagee0
- Outcome
- lactic acid productione0
- Direction
- highe0
- Value
- 0.71–0.97% fresh mattere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The lactic acid production in the conventional silage was low (0.08–0.14% fresh matter), whereas that in the chopped silage was high (0.71–0.97% fresh matter).”
t0“whole crop rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chopped silage retained pH 4.0–4.3 after ten months.
Verbatim
e0“A lower pH value (pH 4.0–4.3) was retained in the chopped silage after 10 months of storage.”
t0“whole crop rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional silage showed high ethanol production.
Verbatim
e0“High ethanol production (1.1–2.5% fresh matter) was observed in the conventional silage”
t0“whole crop rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chopping decreased ethanol production below one percent.
- Taxon
- whole crop ricet0
- Treatment
- chopped silagee0
- Outcome
- ethanol productione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- less than 1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“ethanol production decreased to less than 1% in the chopped silage.”
t0“whole crop rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
The same questions in other papers
processing · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
87 papers in the same direction as this paper · 21 in the opposite direction · 5 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
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