Abstract
Abstract A greenhouse experiment was conducted for three years to study the effect of different pH levels on metal concentrations in plants and the cadmium (Cd) extractability by DTPA and NH4NO3. The soils used were an alum shale (clay loam) and a moraine (loam), which were adjusted to pH levels of 5.5, 6.5, 7.0, and 7.5. Wheat (Triticum aestivum), carrot (Daucus carota L.), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) were grown as test crops. Crop yields were not consistently affected at increasing soil pH levels. The concentration of Cd in plant species decreased with increasing soil pH in both soils and in all three years. Significant concentration differences between soil pH levels were only seen in wheat and carrot crops. Increasing soil pH also decreased the nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) concentrations in plants in the first year crop but the copper (Cu) concentration was not consistently affected by soil pH. The effect of pH was more pronounced in the moraine then the alum shale soil. The DTPA‐and NH4NO3‐extractable Cd was decreased with the increasing soil pH and the pH effect was more pronounced with NH4NO3 extractable Cd. Both extractants were found equally effective in relation to the Cd concentration in plants in this study.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Crop yields were not consistently affected by increasing soil pH.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- increasing soil pH levelse0
- Outcome
- Crop yieldse0
- Direction
- not consistently affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crop yields were not consistently affected at increasing soil pH levels.”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum), carrot (Daucus carota L.), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) were grown as test crops.”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant cadmium concentration decreased with increasing soil pH in both soils across all three years.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increasing soil pHe0
- Outcome
- concentration of Cd in plant speciese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- in both soils and in all three yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The concentration of Cd in plant species decreased with increasing soil pH in both soils and in all three years.”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum), carrot (Daucus carota L.), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) were grown as test crops.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil pH produced significant cadmium concentration differences in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- soil pH levelse0
- Outcome
- concentration differencese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant concentration differences between soil pH levels were only seen in wheat and carrot crops.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil pH produced significant cadmium concentration differences in carrot.
- Taxon
- carrot
Daucus carotae0 - Treatment
- soil pH levelse0
- Outcome
- concentration differencese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant concentration differences between soil pH levels were only seen in wheat and carrot crops.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing soil pH decreased plant nickel concentration in the first year.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Increasing soil pHe0
- Outcome
- nickel (Ni)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- first year crope0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing soil pH also decreased the nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) concentrations in plants in the first year crop but the copper (Cu) concentration was not consistently affected by soil pH.”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum), carrot (Daucus carota L.), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) were grown as test crops.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing soil pH decreased plant zinc concentration in the first year.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Increasing soil pHe0
- Outcome
- zinc (Zn) concentrations in plantse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- first year crope0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing soil pH also decreased the nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) concentrations in plants in the first year crop but the copper (Cu) concentration was not consistently affected by soil pH.”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum), carrot (Daucus carota L.), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) were grown as test crops.”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant copper concentration was not consistently affected by soil pH.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- soil pHe0
- Outcome
- copper (Cu) concentratione0
- Direction
- not consistently affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the copper (Cu) concentration was not consistently affected by soil pH.”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum), carrot (Daucus carota L.), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) were grown as test crops.”
Claim · model-written summary
The pH effect on metal concentrations was stronger in moraine than alum shale soil.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- pHe0
- Outcome
- effect of pHe0
- Direction
- more pronouncede0
- Comparator
- alum shale soile0
- Setting
- morainee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of pH was more pronounced in the moraine then the alum shale soil.”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum), carrot (Daucus carota L.), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) were grown as test crops.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing soil pH decreased DTPA-extractable soil cadmium.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The DTPA‐and NH4NO3‐extractable Cd was decreased with the increasing soil pH and the pH effect was more pronounced with NH4NO3 extractable Cd.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing soil pH decreased NH4NO3-extractable soil cadmium, with the stronger pH response of the two extractants.
- Treatment
- increasing soil pHe0
- Outcome
- NH4NO3 extractable Cde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- more pronouncede0
- Comparator
- DTPA‐and NH4NO3‐extractable Cde0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The DTPA‐and NH4NO3‐extractable Cd was decreased with the increasing soil pH and the pH effect was more pronounced with NH4NO3 extractable Cd.”
Claim · model-written summary
DTPA and NH4NO3 extractants related equally well to plant cadmium concentration.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- equally effective in relation to the Cd concentration in plantse0
- Comparator
- Both extractantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both extractants were found equally effective in relation to the Cd concentration in plants in this study.”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum), carrot (Daucus carota L.), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) were grown as test crops.”
The same questions in other papers
ph · molecular: metabolites · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
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See all 11 papers →ph · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
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See all 18 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.