Abstract
Phytoalexin scoparone (6,7-dimethoxycoumarin) generally was not detected in noninoculated lemon fruit (Citrus limon [L.] Burm., cv Eureka) but accumulated in fruit after inoculation with Penicillium digitatum Sacc. A much greater increase in the amount of scoparone was found in fruit exhibiting an incompatible response to Penicillium after heat treatment at 36 degrees C for 3 days. Heat treatment prevented development of decay in the inoculated fruit. The concentration of the compound after inoculation continued to increase during and after the heat treatment period, reaching 178 micrograms per gram fresh weight of the flavedo 6 days after the heat treatment. Changes in scoparone concentration in fruit were closely correlated with the changes in the antifungal activity of the fruit extract. A low concentration of the phytoalexin was detected in fruit injured mechanically. Scoparone also accumulated in the fruit following ultraviolet illumination; the concentration of the compound was dose-dependent. Median effective dose values of the inhibition of germ tube elongation and spore germination of P. digitatum were 29 and 46 micrograms per milliliter, respectively. Our findings suggest that the rapid increase in scoparone concentration plays an important role in the increased resistance of heat-treated lemon fruit to infection by P. digitatum.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Scoparone was generally undetected in uninoculated fruit but accumulated after pathogen inoculation.
- Taxon
- lemon
Citrus ×limone0 - Material
- cv Eurekae0
- Treatment
- inoculation with Penicillium digitatum Sacc.e0
- Interactor
- Penicillium digitatum Sacc.
Penicillium digitatume0pathogen - Outcome
- scoparonee0
- Direction
- accumulatede0
- Comparator
- noninoculatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phytoalexin scoparone (6,7-dimethoxycoumarin) generally was not detected in noninoculated lemon fruit (Citrus limon [L.] Burm., cv Eureka) but accumulated in fruit after inoculation with Penicillium digitatum Sacc.”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat treatment increased scoparone more greatly in fruit with an incompatible response.
- Taxon
- lemonCitrus ×limont0
- Treatment
- heat treatment at 36 degrees C for 3 dayse0
- Interactor
- Penicillium
Penicilliume0pathogen - Outcome
- amount of scoparonee0
- Direction
- much greater increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A much greater increase in the amount of scoparone was found in fruit exhibiting an incompatible response to Penicillium after heat treatment at 36 degrees C for 3 days”
t0“Lemon Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat treatment prevented decay in inoculated lemon fruit.
- Taxon
- lemonCitrus ×limont0
- Treatment
- Heat treatmente0
- Outcome
- development of decaye0
- Direction
- preventede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Heat treatment prevented development of decay in the inoculated fruit”
t0“Lemon Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Scoparone rose to 178 micrograms per gram fresh flavedo six days after heat treatment.
- Taxon
- lemonCitrus ×limont0
- Organ / stage
- flavedoe0
- Outcome
- concentration of the compounde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 178 micrograms per gram fresh weighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The concentration of the compound after inoculation continued to increase during and after the heat treatment period, reaching 178 micrograms per gram fresh weight of the flavedo 6 days after the heat treatment”
t0“Lemon Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Scoparone concentration changes correlated with fruit extract antifungal activity.
- Taxon
- lemonCitrus ×limont0
- Compound
- scoparonee0
- Outcome
- antifungal activity of the fruit extracte0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Changes in scoparone concentration in fruit were closely correlated with the changes in the antifungal activity of the fruit extract”
t0“Lemon Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Mechanically injured fruit had low scoparone concentration.
- Taxon
- lemonCitrus ×limont0
- Treatment
- injured mechanicallye0
- Outcome
- low concentration of the phytoalexine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A low concentration of the phytoalexin was detected in fruit injured mechanically”
t0“Lemon Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
UV illumination caused scoparone to accumulate in fruit.
- Taxon
- lemonCitrus ×limont0
- Treatment
- ultraviolet illuminatione0
- Outcome
- Scoparonee0
- Direction
- accumulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Scoparone also accumulated in the fruit following ultraviolet illumination”
t0“Lemon Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Scoparone concentration depended on UV dose.
- Taxon
- lemonCitrus ×limont0
- Treatment
- dose-dependente0
- Outcome
- concentration of the compounde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the concentration of the compound was dose-dependent”
t0“Lemon Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Median effective dose for inhibition of pathogen germ tube elongation was 29 micrograms per milliliter.
- Taxon
- lemonCitrus ×limont0
- Interactor
- P. digitatumPenicillium digitatume0pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibition of germ tube elongatione0
- Value
- 29e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Median effective dose values of the inhibition of germ tube elongation and spore germination of P. digitatum were 29 and 46 micrograms per milliliter, respectively”
t0“Lemon Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Median effective dose for inhibition of pathogen spore germination was 46 micrograms per milliliter.
- Taxon
- lemonCitrus ×limont0
- Interactor
- P. digitatumPenicillium digitatume0pathogen
- Outcome
- spore germination of P. digitatume0
- Value
- 46 micrograms per millilitere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Median effective dose values of the inhibition of germ tube elongation and spore germination of P. digitatum were 29 and 46 micrograms per milliliter, respectively”
t0“Lemon Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Rapid scoparone increase may contribute to resistance of heat-treated lemon fruit to infection.
- Taxon
- lemonCitrus ×limone0
- Interactor
- P. digitatumPenicillium digitatume0pathogen
- Compound
- scoparonee0
- Outcome
- increased resistancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our findings suggest that the rapid increase in scoparone concentration plays an important role in the increased resistance of heat-treated lemon fruit to infection by P. digitatum”
The same questions in other papers
heat · disease · Citrus x limon (lemon)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
inoculation · molecular: metabolites · Citrus x limon (lemon)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.