Abstract
Soybean ( Glycine max [L.] Merr. cv. Century) seedlings were germinated in vermiculite, sub‐irrigated with a complete nutrient solution, without nitrogen or supplemented with 10 m M KNO 3 , 5 m M (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , or 5 m M NH 4 NO 3 . After 14 days in the light, or 5 days in the dark, tissues from different organs were harvested separately. Similarly, tissues from different organs from 14‐ or 21‐day‐old nodulated or non‐nodulated soybean seedlings, maintained in the absence of nitrogen, were harvested. Proteins and total RNA were isolated from the different plant organs and used for immunoblot and RNA blot analyses, respectively. Protein or RNA blots were separately incubated with antisera or hybridized with probes specific for either ferredoxin‐dependent glutamate synthase (Fd‐GOGAT) or NADH‐dependent glutamate synthase (NADH‐GOGAT). The specific activity and the abundance of the Fd‐GOGAT peptide and transcript increased, approximately 3–10 times, in cotyledons and hypocotyls/stems in plants germinated in the light compared with those germinated in the dark. Fd‐GOGAT activity, peptide, and transcript were highest in leaves. Except for increases in the specific activity of samples from roots treated with (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 or NH 4 NO 3 , there were minor or no changes in Fd‐GOGAT activity, peptide and transcript among organs of seedlings treated with different nitrogen sources or by nodulation. Low levels of NADH‐GOGAT transcript were detected in all organs. NADH‐GOGAT activity, peptide, and transcript increased in roots of seedlings treated with different nitrogen sources, but these changes were more apparent on RNA blots versus immunoblots. The highest NADH‐GOGAT activity and most abundant amounts of the peptide and transcript were observed in nodules. Despite being induced by different environmental factors, both GOGAT activities are controlled, at least in part, by either gene expression or by RNA stability, because in most instances, both isoenzymes exhibited paralleled changes in specific activity and the abundance of their corresponding peptides and transcripts on immunoblot and RNA blots, respectively. However, there were some exceptions to the parallel increases in specific activities, peptides and transcripts which suggest that post‐translational modification may also regulate the activties of the two GOGAT isoforms. Collectively, the results presented here suggest that the two GOGAT isoforms have distinct physiological functions in soybean.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Light increased Fd-GOGAT activity, peptide and transcript in cotyledons and stems by about 3–10 times.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Organ / stage
- cotyledons and hypocotyls/stemse0
- Treatment
- the lighte0
- Gene
- Fd‐GOGATe0
- Outcome
- specific activity and the abundance of the Fd‐GOGAT peptide and transcripte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 3–10 timese0
- Comparator
- the darke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The specific activity and the abundance of the Fd‐GOGAT peptide and transcript increased, approximately 3–10 times, in cotyledons and hypocotyls/stems in plants germinated in the light compared with those germinated in the dark.”
t0“developing soybean seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Fd-GOGAT activity, peptide and transcript were highest in leaves.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Gene
- Fd‐GOGATe0
- Outcome
- Fd‐GOGAT activity, peptide, and transcripte0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fd‐GOGAT activity, peptide, and transcript were highest in leaves.”
t0“developing soybean seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulfate or ammonium nitrate increased root Fd-GOGAT specific activity.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 or NH 4 NO 3e0
- Outcome
- specific activity of samples from rootse0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increases in the specific activity of samples from roots treated with (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 or NH 4 NO 3”
t0“developing soybean seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Fd-GOGAT measures otherwise changed little with nitrogen source or nodulation.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Gene
- Fd‐GOGATe0
- Outcome
- Fd‐GOGAT activity, peptide and transcripte0
- Direction
- minor or no changese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were minor or no changes in Fd‐GOGAT activity, peptide and transcript among organs of seedlings treated with different nitrogen sources or by nodulation.”
t0“developing soybean seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
NADH-GOGAT transcript was low in all organs.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Gene
- NADH‐GOGATe0
- Outcome
- NADH‐GOGAT transcripte0
- Direction
- Low levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low levels of NADH‐GOGAT transcript were detected in all organs.”
t0“developing soybean seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Different nitrogen sources increased NADH-GOGAT activity, peptide and transcript in roots.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- different nitrogen sourcese0
- Outcome
- NADH‐GOGAT activity, peptide, and transcripte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NADH‐GOGAT activity, peptide, and transcript increased in roots of seedlings treated with different nitrogen sources”
t0“developing soybean seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
NADH-GOGAT changes were more apparent on RNA than protein blots.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- these changese0
- Direction
- more apparente0
- Comparator
- immunoblotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these changes were more apparent on RNA blots versus immunoblots.”
t0“developing soybean seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Nodules had the highest NADH-GOGAT activity, peptide and transcript abundance.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- nodulese0
- Gene
- NADH‐GOGATe0
- Outcome
- NADH‐GOGAT activity and most abundant amounts of the peptide and transcripte0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest NADH‐GOGAT activity and most abundant amounts of the peptide and transcript were observed in nodules.”
t0“developing soybean seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
GOGAT activity generally paralleled peptide and transcript abundance.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Gene
- both isoenzymese0
- Outcome
- specific activity and the abundance of their corresponding peptides and transcriptse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both isoenzymes exhibited paralleled changes in specific activity and the abundance of their corresponding peptides and transcripts”
t0“developing soybean seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Exceptions to parallel changes suggest possible post-translational regulation of GOGAT.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Gene
- two GOGAT isoformse0
- Outcome
- activties of the two GOGAT isoformse0
- Qualifier
- post‐translational modificatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were some exceptions to the parallel increases in specific activities, peptides and transcripts which suggest that post‐translational modification may also regulate the activties of the two GOGAT isoforms.”
t0“developing soybean seedlings”
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See all 20 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.