Abstract
Abstract Fertilizer N and lime amendments are commonly surface‐applied to no‐till (NT) production systems, but research on these practices under NT is limited. We examined the effect of surface‐applied limestone on the efficiency of urea, urea‐NH 4 NO 3 (UAN), and NH 4 NO 3 applied broadcast or injected for NT corn ( Zea mays L.) production on loessal soils. No‐till field studies were established on two loessal soils in western Tennessee: a Memphis silt loam (fine‐silty, mixed, active, thermic Typic Hapludalf) that had been in NT for 7 yr and a Collins silt (coarse‐silty, mixed, acid, thermic Aquic Udifluvent) that had been under conventional tillage. Corn, with a wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cover, was established on the Memphis soil in 1990. In 1994, corn was established on the Collins soil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with a split‐plot arrangement of treatments. Agricultural limestone was surface‐applied at rates of 0 and 1.12 Mg ha −1 , 1 to 3 wk before N treatment. The N treatments were UAN broadcast (UAN‐B), UAN injected (UAN‐I), urea broadcast or split‐applied (Urea‐B and Urea‐S), and NH 4 NO 3 broadcast (AN‐B). Nitrogen treatments were applied at 168 kg ha −1 within 5 d after planting. For the split urea treatment, 84 kg ha −1 N was broadcast at planting and 84 kg ha −1 N was surface‐banded at the 8‐leaf growth stage. Applications of AN‐B, UAN‐B, and Urea‐B resulted in lower grain yields and leaf N concentrations than UAN‐I. These reductions were attributed to N immobilization and NH 3 volatilization. Average yield reductions attributed to N immobilization were 8% on the Memphis soil and none on the Collins soil. Volatilization losses attributed to UAN‐B were 8 and 12% for the Memphis and Collins soils, respectively. Yield reductions attributed to NH 3 volatilization from Urea‐B were 22 and 19% for the Memphis and Collins soils. Splitting the urea application increased yields relative to the Urea‐B treatment only on the Memphis soil. Surface application of limestone decreased Urea‐B yields.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Broadcast AN, UAN and urea applications gave lower corn grain yields and leaf N concentrations than injected UAN.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- Applications of AN‐B, UAN‐B, and Urea‐Be1
- Outcome
- grain yields and leaf N concentrationse1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Comparator
- UAN‐Ie1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for NT corn ( Zea mays L.) production on loessal soils”
e1“Applications of AN‐B, UAN‐B, and Urea‐B resulted in lower grain yields and leaf N concentrations than UAN‐I”
Claim · model-written summary
The corn yield and leaf N reductions were attributed to N immobilization and NH3 volatilization.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- reductionse2
- Qualifier
- N immobilization and NH 3 volatilizatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for NT corn ( Zea mays L.) production on loessal soils”
e2“These reductions were attributed to N immobilization and NH 3 volatilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Average yield reduction attributed to N immobilization was 8% on the Memphis soil.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- N immobilizatione3
- Outcome
- yield reductionse3
- Direction
- reductionse3
- Value
- 8%e3
- Setting
- Memphis soile3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for NT corn ( Zea mays L.) production on loessal soils”
e3“Average yield reductions attributed to N immobilization were 8% on the Memphis soil and none on the Collins soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Average yield reduction attributed to N immobilization was none on the Collins soil.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- N immobilizatione3
- Outcome
- yield reductionse3
- Direction
- nonee3
- Value
- nonee3
- Setting
- Collins soile3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for NT corn ( Zea mays L.) production on loessal soils”
e3“Average yield reductions attributed to N immobilization were 8% on the Memphis soil and none on the Collins soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Volatilization losses attributed to UAN‐B were 8 and 12% on the Memphis and Collins soils.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- Volatilization losses attributed to UAN‐Be4
- Value
- 8 and 12%e4
- Setting
- Memphis and Collins soilse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for NT corn ( Zea mays L.) production on loessal soils”
e4“Volatilization losses attributed to UAN‐B were 8 and 12% for the Memphis and Collins soils, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield reductions attributed to NH3 volatilization from Urea‐B were 22 and 19% on the Memphis and Collins soils.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- Yield reductions attributed to NH 3 volatilization from Urea‐Be5
- Value
- 22 and 19%e5
- Setting
- Memphis and Collins soilse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for NT corn ( Zea mays L.) production on loessal soils”
e5“Yield reductions attributed to NH 3 volatilization from Urea‐B were 22 and 19% for the Memphis and Collins soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Splitting the urea application increased corn yields relative to the Urea‐B treatment only on the Memphis soil.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Splitting the urea applicatione6
- Outcome
- yieldse6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Qualifier
- only on the Memphis soile6
- Comparator
- Urea‐B treatmente6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for NT corn ( Zea mays L.) production on loessal soils”
e6“Splitting the urea application increased yields relative to the Urea‐B treatment only on the Memphis soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Surface application of limestone decreased corn Urea‐B yields.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Surface application of limestonee7
- Outcome
- Urea‐B yieldse7
- Direction
- decreasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for NT corn ( Zea mays L.) production on loessal soils”
e7“Surface application of limestone decreased Urea‐B yields”
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