Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are key signaling molecules that are produced in response to various environmental stimuli. Here, we demonstrate that cobalt is able to delay gibberellic acid (GA)-induced programmed cell death (PCD) in wheat aleurone layers. A similar response was observed when samples were pretreated with carbon monoxide (CO) or bilirubin (BR), two end-products of HO catalysis. We further observed that increased HO-1 expression played a role in the cobalt-induced alleviation of PCD. The application of HO-1-specific inhibitor, zinc protoporphyrin-IX (ZnPPIX), substantially prevented the increases of HO-1 activity and the alleviation of PCD triggered by cobalt. The stimulation of HO-1 expression, and alleviation of PCD might be caused by the initial H2O2 production induced by cobalt. qRT-PCR and enzymatic assays revealed that cobalt-induced gene expression and the corresponding activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), three enzymes that metabolize reactive oxygen species, were consistent with the H2O2 accumulation during GA treatment. These cobalt responses were differentially blocked by co-treatment with ZnPPIX. We therefore suggest that HO-1 functions in the cobalt-triggered alleviation of PCD in wheat aleurone layers, which is also dependent on the enhancement of the activities of antioxidant enzymes.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Cobalt delayed GA-induced programmed cell death in wheat aleurone layers.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Organ / stage
- aleurone layerse0
- Treatment
- cobalte0
- Outcome
- programmed cell death (PCD)e0
- Direction
- delaye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cobalt is able to delay gibberellic acid (GA)-induced programmed cell death (PCD) in wheat aleurone layers”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon monoxide pretreatment produced a similar delay of cell death.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- carbon monoxide (CO)e0
- Outcome
- similar responsee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A similar response was observed when samples were pretreated with carbon monoxide (CO) or bilirubin (BR)”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Bilirubin pretreatment produced a similar delay of cell death.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- bilirubin (BR)e0
- Outcome
- similar responsee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A similar response was observed when samples were pretreated with carbon monoxide (CO) or bilirubin (BR)”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased HO-1 expression contributed to cobalt alleviation of cell death.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- cobalte0
- Gene
- HO-1e0
- Outcome
- alleviation of PCDe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased HO-1 expression played a role in the cobalt-induced alleviation of PCD”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnPPIX substantially prevented cobalt-induced increases in HO-1 activity.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- zinc protoporphyrin-IX (ZnPPIX)e0
- Gene
- HO-1e0
- Outcome
- HO-1 activitye0
- Direction
- preventede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of HO-1-specific inhibitor, zinc protoporphyrin-IX (ZnPPIX), substantially prevented the increases of HO-1 activity and the alleviation of PCD triggered by cobalt.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnPPIX substantially prevented cobalt-induced alleviation of cell death.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- zinc protoporphyrin-IX (ZnPPIX)e0
- Outcome
- alleviation of PCDe0
- Direction
- preventede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of HO-1-specific inhibitor, zinc protoporphyrin-IX (ZnPPIX), substantially prevented the increases of HO-1 activity and the alleviation of PCD triggered by cobalt.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Cobalt-induced initial H2O2 production may stimulate HO-1 expression.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- HO-1e0
- Compound
- H2O2e0
- Outcome
- stimulation of HO-1 expressione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The stimulation of HO-1 expression, and alleviation of PCD might be caused by the initial H2O2 production induced by cobalt.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Cobalt-induced initial H2O2 production may alleviate cell death.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Compound
- H2O2e0
- Outcome
- alleviation of PCDe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The stimulation of HO-1 expression, and alleviation of PCD might be caused by the initial H2O2 production induced by cobalt.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Cobalt-induced SOD, CAT and APX expression and activities were consistent with H2O2 accumulation during GA treatment.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)e0
- Outcome
- gene expression and the corresponding activitiese0
- Qualifier
- consistent with the H2O2 accumulation during GA treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cobalt-induced gene expression and the corresponding activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), three enzymes that metabolize reactive oxygen species, were consistent with the H2O2 accumulation during GA treatment”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnPPIX differentially blocked cobalt responses.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- co-treatment with ZnPPIXe0
- Outcome
- cobalt responsese0
- Direction
- blockede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These cobalt responses were differentially blocked by co-treatment with ZnPPIX.”
t0“Wheat”