Abstract
There are different opinions of the dynamics of an air bubble entering a xylem conduit. In this paper, we present a thorough mechanical analysis and conclude that there are three types of cavitation caused by air seeding. After an air seed enters a conduit at high xylem pressure P'(1), along with the drop of the water potential, it will expand gradually to a long-shaped bubble and extend continually. This is the first type of air seeding, or the type of expanding gradually. When the xylem pressure is moderate, right after an air seed enters a conduit, it will expand first. Then, as soon as the pressure reaches a threshold the bubble will blow up to form a bubble in long shape, accompanied by acoustic (or ultra-acoustic) emission. It will extend further as xylem pressure decreases continually. This is the second type of air seeding, or the type of expanding-exploding, becoming a long-shaped bubble-lengthening by degrees. In the range of P'(1) ≤ - 3P(o) (P(o) is atmospheric pressure), soon after an air seed is sucked into a conduit it will explode immediately and the conduit will be full of the gas of the bubble instantly. This is the third type of air seeding, or the type of sudden exploding and filling conduit instantly. The third type is the frequent event in daily life of plant.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Mechanical analysis found three types of air-seeding cavitation.
Verbatim
e0“there are three types of cavitation caused by air seeding”
e1“daily life of plant”
Claim · model-written summary
At high xylem pressure, an air seed gradually expands into a lengthening bubble as water potential drops.
Verbatim
e0“After an air seed enters a conduit at high xylem pressure P'(1), along with the drop of the water potential, it will expand gradually to a long-shaped bubble and extend continually”
e1“daily life of plant”
Claim · model-written summary
At moderate xylem pressure, a bubble first expands, then explodes at a threshold and lengthens with falling pressure.
Verbatim
e0“When the xylem pressure is moderate, right after an air seed enters a conduit, it will expand first. Then, as soon as the pressure reaches a threshold the bubble will blow up to form a bubble in long shape, accompanied by acoustic (or ultra-acoustic) emission. It will extend further as xylem pressure decreases continually”
e1“daily life of plant”
Claim · model-written summary
At P'(1) ≤ - 3P(o), an entering air seed explodes immediately and fills the conduit with gas.
Verbatim
e0“In the range of P'(1) ≤ - 3P(o) (P(o) is atmospheric pressure), soon after an air seed is sucked into a conduit it will explode immediately and the conduit will be full of the gas of the bubble instantly”
e1“daily life of plant”
Claim · model-written summary
The sudden explosion type is described as frequent in plants.
Verbatim
e0“The third type is the frequent event in daily life of plant”