Abstract
Soybeans, Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Davis’, were exposed for 7 h day −1 (111 days) to six concentrations of ozone (O 3 ) and for 4 h day −1 (101 days) to four concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), singly and in mixtures (24 combinations). The pollutant concentrations were selected to span those that occur in major soybean production areas of the USA. The pollutant dose‐yield response relationships were modeled using regression analyses and a Weibull model analysis. Both analyses indicated that a dose of O 3 typical for soybean production areas (seasonal 7—h day −1 mean of 0.055 ppm v/v) caused a seed weight decrease of 20% compared to a control dose of 0.025 ppm O 3 . Sulfur dioxide at levels known to exist regionally in the USA (seasonal 4—h day −1 mean of <0.026 ppm SO 2 ) did not cause injury or affect soybean yield. Neither pollutant changed the dose‐response relationships for the other except at high concentrations where the effect of mixtures was less than the additive effects of the pollutants singly. The dose‐response relationships were similar for each of two soil types.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
A typical ozone dose decreased soybean seed weight by 20% relative to the control dose.
- Treatment
- a dose of O 3 typical for soybean production arease0
- Outcome
- seed weighte0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 20%e0
- Comparator
- a control dose of 0.025 ppm O 3e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“a dose of O 3 typical for soybean production areas (seasonal 7—h day −1 mean of 0.055 ppm v/v) caused a seed weight decrease of 20% compared to a control dose of 0.025 ppm O 3”
Claim · model-written summary
Regional sulfur dioxide levels caused no soybean injury or yield effect.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- Sulfur dioxide at levels known to exist regionally in the USAe0
- Outcome
- injury or affect soybean yielde0
- Direction
- did not causee0
- Setting
- USAe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sulfur dioxide at levels known to exist regionally in the USA (seasonal 4—h day −1 mean of <0.026 ppm SO 2 ) did not cause injury or affect soybean yield”
Claim · model-written summary
At high concentrations, combined pollutants had less effect than the sum of their separate effects.
- Treatment
- mixturese0
- Outcome
- effect of mixturese0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Qualifier
- at high concentrationse0
- Comparator
- pollutants singlye0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“at high concentrations where the effect of mixtures was less than the additive effects of the pollutants singly”
Claim · model-written summary
The dose response relationships were similar across two soil types.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The dose‐response relationships were similar for each of two soil types”
Claim · model-written summary
Neither pollutant changed the dose response relationship of the other except at high concentrations.
- Treatment
- Neither pollutante0
- Outcome
- dose‐response relationshipse0
- Direction
- changede0
- Qualifier
- except at high concentrationse0
- Comparator
- the othere0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Neither pollutant changed the dose‐response relationships for the other except at high concentrations”