Paper · 1967 · Ecology

Total Net Productivity and Turnover on an Energy Basis For Tallgrass Prairie

C. L. Kucera; Roger C. Dahlman; Melvin R. Koelling

14
claims
14
verbatim quotes
114
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

The energy equivalent of total net productivity including foliage and roots on unburned prairie in 1962 was 4.351 X 10 6 cal/m 2 , representing 992 g of biomass. The root system provided slightly over 50% of the annual increment. For 1963 the total growth was 1,133 g/m 2 . The average energy for these years was equivalent to 1.21% of the incident radiation received during the growing season for the 400—700 μm portion of the light spectrum. The maximum energy budget including current increment, roots of previous years, and litter was equal to 2.6 turnovers. In years with favorable rainfall, fire approximately doubled the aboveground yield. During drought, productivity increases of fire plots over control plots were curtailed sharply. On a dry matter basis, the total aboveground biomass at the end of the growing season was approximately twice that of the standing crop. During the April—September period for 3 years of observation, the loss in dry weight of the aboveground material ranged from 57% to 65%. For the remiander of the year the decrease was 31—39%. These values indicate a fluctuating but generally balanced annual system of growth and decay. For aboveground biomass, the turnover estimate was 2 years, and for root biomass, 4 years. The decay time of a standing crop or root increment as determined from isolated litter samples and carbon—14—labeled roots in the field indicated that the annual turnover was comprised of a series of increments of different ages, decreasing in caloric content with time on a dry weight basis (uncorrected for ash). On an ash—free basis, litter 4 years old showed some increase in caloric content, suggesting changing composition of the residual fraction. The tallgrass prairie is seen as a relatively efficient ecosystem when compared to the worldwide terrestrial average. The stimulus of fire to dry matter production in the humid prairie indicates a more efficient use of solar energy; however, the long—term effects of sustained burning require observation.

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Claims 14

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Unburned prairie produced 4.351 X 10 6 cal/m 2 of net productivity in 1962, representing 992 g biomass.

Taxon
prairiee0
Outcome
total net productivitye0
Value
4.351 X 10 6 cal/m 2e0

Verbatim

e0

“The energy equivalent of total net productivity including foliage and roots on unburned prairie in 1962 was 4.351 X 10 6 cal/m 2 , representing 992 g of biomass.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–161 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Roots supplied slightly over half the annual increment.

Outcome
annual incremente0
Value
slightly over 50%e0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0

“The root system provided slightly over 50% of the annual increment.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 162–229 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Average energy captured over the two years was equivalent to 1.21% of incident growing-season radiation.

Outcome
average energye0
Value
1.21%e0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0

“The average energy for these years was equivalent to 1.21% of the incident radiation received during the growing season for the 400—700 μm portion of the light spectrum.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 274–443 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Maximum energy budget equalled 2.6 turnovers.

Outcome
maximum energy budgete0
Value
2.6 turnoverse0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0

“The maximum energy budget including current increment, roots of previous years, and litter was equal to 2.6 turnovers.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 444–562 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Fire approximately doubled aboveground yield in years with favorable rainfall.

Treatment
firee0
Outcome
aboveground yielde0
Direction
doublede0
Qualifier
favorable rainfalle0

Not reportedTaxonComparator

Verbatim

e0

“In years with favorable rainfall, fire approximately doubled the aboveground yield.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 563–646 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Drought sharply curtailed productivity gains from burning relative to controls.

Treatment
fire plotse0
Outcome
productivity increasese0
Direction
curtailed sharplye0
Qualifier
droughte0
Comparator
control plotse0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0

“During drought, productivity increases of fire plots over control plots were curtailed sharply.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 647–742 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

End-of-season aboveground biomass was approximately twice the standing crop.

Outcome
total aboveground biomasse0
Value
approximately twicee0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0

“the total aboveground biomass at the end of the growing season was approximately twice that of the standing crop.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 766–879 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Aboveground material lost 57% to 65% dry weight during April to September.

Outcome
loss in dry weighte0
Value
57% to 65%e0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0

“During the April—September period for 3 years of observation, the loss in dry weight of the aboveground material ranged from 57% to 65%.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 880–1016 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Aboveground material lost 31—39% dry weight over the remainder of the year.

Outcome
decreasee0
Value
31—39%e0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0

“For the remiander of the year the decrease was 31—39%.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1017–1071 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Aboveground biomass turnover was estimated at 2 years.

Outcome
turnover estimatee0
Value
2 yearse0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0

“For aboveground biomass, the turnover estimate was 2 years”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1166–1224 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Caloric content of successive turnover increments decreased with age on a dry-weight basis.

Outcome
caloric contente0
Direction
decreasinge0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0

“a series of increments of different ages, decreasing in caloric content with time on a dry weight basis”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1445–1548 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Four-year-old litter showed some increase in caloric content on an ash-free basis.

Outcome
caloric contente0
Direction
increasee0
Qualifier
litter 4 years olde0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0

“On an ash—free basis, litter 4 years old showed some increase in caloric content”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1572–1652 · show in text ↑