Abstract
Aflatoxin, produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus Link, reduces the value of corn ( Zea mays L.) and is usually associated with high temperatures, water stress, and insect damage. The objective of this study was to determine if Bt ( Bacillus thuringiensis ) corn hybrids or “tropical” germplasm could reduce aflatoxin accumulation with later planting dates. Aflatoxin accumulation (B 1 , B 2 , G 1 , and G 2 ) in corn grain was evaluated on Bt, non‐Bt, and tropical non‐Bt hybrids and four planting dates (March, April, May, and June) from 1998 to 2000. Aflatoxin concentration in corn varied across years but generally decreased with later planting date. In 1998, aflatoxin accumulation was lower in Bt (314 ng g −1 ) than non‐Bt hybrids (634 ng g −1 ) but not different than tropical non‐Bt hybrid (470 ng g −1 ). However, aflatoxin contamination was lower from Bt hybrids (70 ng g −1 ) than from the tropical non‐Bt hybrid (259 ng g −1 ) but not different in non‐Bt hybrids (86 ng g −1 ) in 1999. In 2000, aflatoxin levels were low, and hybrid had no effect on aflatoxin concentration. Temperature and irrigation effects on aflatoxin accumulation were not consistent. Increased temperature and delayed harvest may lead to aflatoxin accumulation before harvest. However, precipitation may influence aflatoxin levels in some years. The results of this study indicate that aflatoxin accumulation in corn may be decreased with later planting date, and less accumulation in Bt than non‐Bt or tropical non‐Bt hybrids may be indirectly explained by insect reductions.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Corn aflatoxin concentration generally declined with later planting date, though it varied by year.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- later planting datee0
- Outcome
- Aflatoxin concentration in corne0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- varied across yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aflatoxin concentration in corn varied across years but generally decreased with later planting date”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1998, Bt hybrids accumulated less aflatoxin than non-Bt hybrids.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- Bte0
- Outcome
- aflatoxin accumulatione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 314 ng g −1e0
- Qualifier
- 634 ng g −1e0
- Comparator
- non‐Bt hybridse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1998, aflatoxin accumulation was lower in Bt (314 ng g −1 ) than non‐Bt hybrids (634 ng g −1 ) but not different than tropical non‐Bt hybrid (470 ng g −1 )”
t0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1998, Bt and tropical non-Bt hybrids did not differ in aflatoxin accumulation.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- Bte0
- Outcome
- aflatoxin accumulatione0
- Direction
- not differente0
- Value
- 314 ng g −1e0
- Qualifier
- 470 ng g −1e0
- Comparator
- tropical non‐Bt hybride0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1998, aflatoxin accumulation was lower in Bt (314 ng g −1 ) than non‐Bt hybrids (634 ng g −1 ) but not different than tropical non‐Bt hybrid (470 ng g −1 )”
t0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1999, Bt hybrids had lower aflatoxin contamination than the tropical non-Bt hybrid.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- Bt hybridse0
- Outcome
- aflatoxin contaminatione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 70 ng g −1e0
- Qualifier
- 259 ng g −1e0
- Comparator
- tropical non‐Bt hybride0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“aflatoxin contamination was lower from Bt hybrids (70 ng g −1 ) than from the tropical non‐Bt hybrid (259 ng g −1 ) but not different in non‐Bt hybrids (86 ng g −1 ) in 1999”
t0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1999, Bt and non-Bt hybrids did not differ in aflatoxin contamination.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- Bt hybridse0
- Outcome
- aflatoxin contaminatione0
- Direction
- not differente0
- Value
- 70 ng g −1e0
- Qualifier
- 86 ng g −1e0
- Comparator
- non‐Bt hybridse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“aflatoxin contamination was lower from Bt hybrids (70 ng g −1 ) than from the tropical non‐Bt hybrid (259 ng g −1 ) but not different in non‐Bt hybrids (86 ng g −1 ) in 1999”
t0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2000, aflatoxin levels were low.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- aflatoxin levelse0
- Direction
- lowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2000, aflatoxin levels were low, and hybrid had no effect on aflatoxin concentration”
t0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2000, hybrid identity had no effect on aflatoxin concentration.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- hybride0
- Outcome
- aflatoxin concentratione0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2000, aflatoxin levels were low, and hybrid had no effect on aflatoxin concentration”
t0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Temperature effects on aflatoxin accumulation were inconsistent.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Temperaturee0
- Outcome
- aflatoxin accumulatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Temperature and irrigation effects on aflatoxin accumulation were not consistent”
t0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation effects on aflatoxin accumulation were inconsistent.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- irrigatione0
- Outcome
- aflatoxin accumulatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Temperature and irrigation effects on aflatoxin accumulation were not consistent”
t0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher temperature may increase aflatoxin accumulation before harvest.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Increased temperaturee0
- Outcome
- aflatoxin accumulatione0
- Direction
- Increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased temperature and delayed harvest may lead to aflatoxin accumulation before harvest”
t0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed harvest may increase aflatoxin accumulation before harvest.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- delayed harveste0
- Outcome
- aflatoxin accumulatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased temperature and delayed harvest may lead to aflatoxin accumulation before harvest”
t0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Precipitation may influence aflatoxin levels in some years.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- precipitatione0
- Outcome
- aflatoxin levelse0
- Qualifier
- in some yearse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“precipitation may influence aflatoxin levels in some years”
t0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced insect damage may indirectly explain lower aflatoxin in Bt hybrids.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- Bte0
- Outcome
- less accumulatione0
- Qualifier
- insect reductionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“less accumulation in Bt than non‐Bt or tropical non‐Bt hybrids may be indirectly explained by insect reductions”
t0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
The same questions in other papers
sowing time · disease · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
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See all 20 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.