Abstract
Moroccan cipollini, Israeli or domestic cabbage, domestic celeriac and parsnips, and European, Japanese, and domestic horseradish showed a good margin of tolerance to methyl bromide fumigation well above usual quarantine schedules. Injury developed only after extreme schedules near 5 lb for 4 hours at 15-inch vacuum at 70°F for cipollini; 6 lb for 5 hours at normal atmospheric pressure (NAP) at 42°F for cabbage; 5 lb for 3 hours under 15-inch vacuum near 50°F for celeriac and parsnips; and 8 lb for 3 hours under 15-inch vacuum at 50°F for horseradish. The tolerance of cipollini appeared to be less at 26-inch vacuum and of parsnips greater at NAP. Cuban yams, Dioscorea spp., also showed good fumigation tolerance at warm, but were injured at cool temperatures. Their injury threshold appeared to be near 4.5 lb for 4 hours NAP at 87°F. Bromide residues were found to be near or well below the 50-ppm tolerance for cabbage and cipollini and 30 ppm for yams. No off-flavors were noted in any of the vegetables fumigated at quarantine schedules. Hot water dips of 118° for 30 minutes caused severe injury to parsnips and celeriac, but were well tolerated by horseradish roots. Preliminary insecticidal results with Baris lepidii Germar in horseradish are reported.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
cipollini tolerated methyl bromide fumigation above usual quarantine schedules.
- Taxon
- cipollinie0
- Treatment
- methyl bromide fumigatione0
- Outcome
- good margin of tolerancee0
- Comparator
- usual quarantine schedulese0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Moroccan cipollini, Israeli or domestic cabbage, domestic celeriac and parsnips, and European, Japanese, and domestic horseradish showed a good margin of tolerance to methyl bromide fumigation well above usual quarantine schedules.”
Claim · model-written summary
cabbage tolerated methyl bromide fumigation above usual quarantine schedules.
- Taxon
- cabbage
Brassica oleracea var. capitatae0 - Treatment
- methyl bromide fumigatione0
- Outcome
- good margin of tolerancee0
- Comparator
- usual quarantine schedulese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moroccan cipollini, Israeli or domestic cabbage, domestic celeriac and parsnips, and European, Japanese, and domestic horseradish showed a good margin of tolerance to methyl bromide fumigation well above usual quarantine schedules.”
Claim · model-written summary
celeriac tolerated methyl bromide fumigation above usual quarantine schedules.
- Taxon
- celeriac
%2C_Elswick%2C_Northumberland_4.jpg?width=60)
Apium graveolens Rapaceum Groupe0 - Treatment
- methyl bromide fumigatione0
- Outcome
- good margin of tolerancee0
- Comparator
- usual quarantine schedulese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
%2C_Elswick%2C_Northumberland_4.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Moroccan cipollini, Israeli or domestic cabbage, domestic celeriac and parsnips, and European, Japanese, and domestic horseradish showed a good margin of tolerance to methyl bromide fumigation well above usual quarantine schedules.”
Claim · model-written summary
parsnips tolerated methyl bromide fumigation above usual quarantine schedules.
- Taxon
- parsnips
Pastinaca sativae0 - Treatment
- methyl bromide fumigatione0
- Outcome
- good margin of tolerancee0
- Comparator
- usual quarantine schedulese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moroccan cipollini, Israeli or domestic cabbage, domestic celeriac and parsnips, and European, Japanese, and domestic horseradish showed a good margin of tolerance to methyl bromide fumigation well above usual quarantine schedules.”
Claim · model-written summary
horseradish tolerated methyl bromide fumigation above usual quarantine schedules.
- Taxon
- horseradish
.jpg?width=60)
Armoracia rusticanae0 - Treatment
- methyl bromide fumigatione0
- Outcome
- good margin of tolerancee0
- Comparator
- usual quarantine schedulese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Moroccan cipollini, Israeli or domestic cabbage, domestic celeriac and parsnips, and European, Japanese, and domestic horseradish showed a good margin of tolerance to methyl bromide fumigation well above usual quarantine schedules.”
Claim · model-written summary
cipollini developed injury only under the extreme fumigation schedule 5 lb for 4 hours at 15-inch vacuum at 70°F.
Verbatim
e0“Injury developed only after extreme schedules near 5 lb for 4 hours at 15-inch vacuum at 70°F for cipollini; 6 lb for 5 hours at normal atmospheric pressure (NAP) at 42°F for cabbage; 5 lb for 3 hours under 15-inch vacuum near 50°F for celeriac and parsnips; and 8 lb for 3 hours under 15-inch vacuum at 50°F for horseradish.”
Claim · model-written summary
cabbage developed injury only under the extreme fumigation schedule 6 lb for 5 hours at normal atmospheric pressure (NAP) at 42°F.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Treatment
- 6 lb for 5 hours at normal atmospheric pressure (NAP) at 42°Fe0
- Outcome
- Injury developede0
- Qualifier
- only after extreme schedulese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Injury developed only after extreme schedules near 5 lb for 4 hours at 15-inch vacuum at 70°F for cipollini; 6 lb for 5 hours at normal atmospheric pressure (NAP) at 42°F for cabbage; 5 lb for 3 hours under 15-inch vacuum near 50°F for celeriac and parsnips; and 8 lb for 3 hours under 15-inch vacuum at 50°F for horseradish.”
Claim · model-written summary
celeriac developed injury only under the extreme fumigation schedule 5 lb for 3 hours under 15-inch vacuum near 50°F.
- Taxon
- celeriacApium graveolens Rapaceum Groupe0
- Treatment
- 5 lb for 3 hours under 15-inch vacuum near 50°Fe0
- Outcome
- Injury developede0
- Qualifier
- only after extreme schedulese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Injury developed only after extreme schedules near 5 lb for 4 hours at 15-inch vacuum at 70°F for cipollini; 6 lb for 5 hours at normal atmospheric pressure (NAP) at 42°F for cabbage; 5 lb for 3 hours under 15-inch vacuum near 50°F for celeriac and parsnips; and 8 lb for 3 hours under 15-inch vacuum at 50°F for horseradish.”
Claim · model-written summary
parsnips developed injury only under the extreme fumigation schedule 5 lb for 3 hours under 15-inch vacuum near 50°F.
- Taxon
- parsnipsPastinaca sativae0
- Treatment
- 5 lb for 3 hours under 15-inch vacuum near 50°Fe0
- Outcome
- Injury developede0
- Qualifier
- only after extreme schedulese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Injury developed only after extreme schedules near 5 lb for 4 hours at 15-inch vacuum at 70°F for cipollini; 6 lb for 5 hours at normal atmospheric pressure (NAP) at 42°F for cabbage; 5 lb for 3 hours under 15-inch vacuum near 50°F for celeriac and parsnips; and 8 lb for 3 hours under 15-inch vacuum at 50°F for horseradish.”
Claim · model-written summary
horseradish developed injury only under the extreme fumigation schedule 8 lb for 3 hours under 15-inch vacuum at 50°F.
- Taxon
- horseradishArmoracia rusticanae0
- Treatment
- 8 lb for 3 hours under 15-inch vacuum at 50°Fe0
- Outcome
- Injury developede0
- Qualifier
- only after extreme schedulese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Injury developed only after extreme schedules near 5 lb for 4 hours at 15-inch vacuum at 70°F for cipollini; 6 lb for 5 hours at normal atmospheric pressure (NAP) at 42°F for cabbage; 5 lb for 3 hours under 15-inch vacuum near 50°F for celeriac and parsnips; and 8 lb for 3 hours under 15-inch vacuum at 50°F for horseradish.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cipollini tolerance appeared lower at 26-inch vacuum.
Verbatim
e0“The tolerance of cipollini appeared to be less at 26-inch vacuum and of parsnips greater at NAP.”
Claim · model-written summary
Parsnip tolerance appeared greater at normal atmospheric pressure.
- Taxon
- parsnipsPastinaca sativae0
- Outcome
- tolerancee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Setting
- NAPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The tolerance of cipollini appeared to be less at 26-inch vacuum and of parsnips greater at NAP.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cuban yams tolerated fumigation at warm temperatures.
DioscoreaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cuban yams, Dioscorea spp., also showed good fumigation tolerance at warm, but were injured at cool temperatures.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cuban yams were injured by fumigation at cool temperatures.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cuban yams, Dioscorea spp., also showed good fumigation tolerance at warm, but were injured at cool temperatures.”
Claim · model-written summary
Yam injury threshold was near 4.5 lb for 4 hours at normal pressure and 87°F.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cuban yams, Dioscorea spp., also showed good fumigation tolerance at warm, but were injured at cool temperatures. Their injury threshold appeared to be near 4.5 lb for 4 hours NAP at 87°F.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bromide residues in cabbage and cipollini were near or well below the 50-ppm tolerance.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Outcome
- Bromide residuese0
- Direction
- near or well belowe0
- Value
- 50-ppme0
- Qualifier
- cipollinie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bromide residues were found to be near or well below the 50-ppm tolerance for cabbage and cipollini and 30 ppm for yams.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bromide residues in yams were near or well below the 30 ppm tolerance.
Verbatim
e0“Bromide residues were found to be near or well below the 50-ppm tolerance for cabbage and cipollini and 30 ppm for yams.”
Claim · model-written summary
No off-flavors were observed after quarantine-schedule fumigation.
Verbatim
e0“No off-flavors were noted in any of the vegetables fumigated at quarantine schedules.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hot water dips at 118° for 30 minutes severely injured parsnips and celeriac.
- Taxon
- parsnipsPastinaca sativae0
- Treatment
- Hot water dips of 118° for 30 minutese0
- Outcome
- severe injurye0
- Qualifier
- celeriace0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hot water dips of 118° for 30 minutes caused severe injury to parsnips and celeriac, but were well tolerated by horseradish roots.”
Claim · model-written summary
Horseradish roots tolerated hot water dips at 118° for 30 minutes.
- Taxon
- horseradishArmoracia rusticanae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Hot water dips of 118° for 30 minutese0
- Outcome
- well toleratede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hot water dips of 118° for 30 minutes caused severe injury to parsnips and celeriac, but were well tolerated by horseradish roots.”
The same questions in other papers
bromomethane · disease · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
solarization · disease · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.