Abstract
Abstract Prohexadione-calcium (Phd-Ca) (BAS 125W or 9054 W) applied at petal fall (PF) or within 10 days of PF to apple trees as a single spray or as multiple low-rate sprays reduced the current season's shoot growth. Sprays applied 2 to 3 weeks after PF were less effective. Timing of the initial spray was more important than rate in achieving early growth suppression, but rate was most important for maximum season-long growth control. Reduced shoot growth enhanced spray coverage and reduced dormant pruning time by as much as 23% over control trees. An effective cumulative dose (ECD) of 250 mg·L−1 (based on dilute or tree-row-volume equivalent) active ingredient Phd-Ca applied as a single spray or in several low-rate sprays generally produced season-long control of vigorous shoot growth. However, under some highvigor growing conditions a higher ECD (500 mg·L−1 or greater), applied in multiple low-rate sprays, was required to achieve an acceptable level of growth suppression. When shoots resumed growth in mid-season, a single spray (28 July) at 125 mg·L−1 provided additional suppression of shoot growth. During this 5-year study, there were no adverse effects on fruit quality and little or no effect on fruit size. There was no appreciable carryover effect on the next season's shoot growth or fruit size, and there was no additive effect from successive annual applications.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Prohexadione-calcium applied at petal fall or within 10 days of petal fall reduced current-season shoot growth of apple trees.
- Taxon
- apple trees
Malus domesticae0 - Treatment
- Prohexadione-calcium (Phd-Ca)e0
- Outcome
- shoot growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prohexadione-calcium (Phd-Ca) (BAS 125W or 9054 W) applied at petal fall (PF) or within 10 days of PF to apple trees as a single spray or as multiple low-rate sprays reduced the current season's shoot growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprays applied 2 to 3 weeks after petal fall were less effective in apple.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- Sprays applied 2 to 3 weeks after PFe1
- Outcome
- effectivee1
- Direction
- lesse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Sprays applied 2 to 3 weeks after PF were less effective”
e0“Prohexadione-calcium (Phd-Ca) (BAS 125W or 9054 W) applied at petal fall (PF) or within 10 days of PF to apple trees as a single spray or as multiple low-rate sprays reduced the current season's shoot growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Timing of the initial spray was more important than rate for achieving early growth suppression in apple.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- Timing of the initial spraye2
- Outcome
- early growth suppressione2
- Direction
- more importante2
- Comparator
- ratee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Timing of the initial spray was more important than rate in achieving early growth suppression”
e0“Prohexadione-calcium (Phd-Ca) (BAS 125W or 9054 W) applied at petal fall (PF) or within 10 days of PF to apple trees as a single spray or as multiple low-rate sprays reduced the current season's shoot growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Rate was most important for maximum season-long growth control in apple.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- ratee3
- Outcome
- maximum season-long growth controle3
- Direction
- most importante3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“rate was most important for maximum season-long growth control”
e0“Prohexadione-calcium (Phd-Ca) (BAS 125W or 9054 W) applied at petal fall (PF) or within 10 days of PF to apple trees as a single spray or as multiple low-rate sprays reduced the current season's shoot growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced shoot growth was associated with enhanced spray coverage in apple.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- Reduced shoot growthe4
- Outcome
- spray coveragee4
- Direction
- enhancede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Reduced shoot growth enhanced spray coverage and reduced dormant pruning time by as much as 23% over control trees”
e0“Prohexadione-calcium (Phd-Ca) (BAS 125W or 9054 W) applied at petal fall (PF) or within 10 days of PF to apple trees as a single spray or as multiple low-rate sprays reduced the current season's shoot growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced shoot growth was associated with dormant pruning time reduced by as much as 23% relative to control apple trees.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- dormant pruning timee4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Value
- as much as 23%e4
- Comparator
- control treese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Reduced shoot growth enhanced spray coverage and reduced dormant pruning time by as much as 23% over control trees”
e0“Prohexadione-calcium (Phd-Ca) (BAS 125W or 9054 W) applied at petal fall (PF) or within 10 days of PF to apple trees as a single spray or as multiple low-rate sprays reduced the current season's shoot growth”
Claim · model-written summary
An effective cumulative dose of 250 mg·L−1 of Phd-Ca applied as one spray or several low-rate sprays generally produced season-long control of vigorous apple shoot growth.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- An effective cumulative dose (ECD) of 250 mg·L−1e5
- Outcome
- season-long control of vigorous shoot growthe5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“An effective cumulative dose (ECD) of 250 mg·L−1 (based on dilute or tree-row-volume equivalent) active ingredient Phd-Ca applied as a single spray or in several low-rate sprays generally produced season-long control of vigorous shoot growth”
e0“Prohexadione-calcium (Phd-Ca) (BAS 125W or 9054 W) applied at petal fall (PF) or within 10 days of PF to apple trees as a single spray or as multiple low-rate sprays reduced the current season's shoot growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Under some high-vigor growing conditions a higher cumulative dose of 500 mg·L−1 or more in multiple low-rate sprays was required for acceptable growth suppression in apple.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- a higher ECD (500 mg·L−1 or greater), applied in multiple low-rate sprayse6
- Outcome
- acceptable level of growth suppressione6
- Setting
- some highvigor growing conditionse6
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“under some highvigor growing conditions a higher ECD (500 mg·L−1 or greater), applied in multiple low-rate sprays, was required to achieve an acceptable level of growth suppression”
e0“Prohexadione-calcium (Phd-Ca) (BAS 125W or 9054 W) applied at petal fall (PF) or within 10 days of PF to apple trees as a single spray or as multiple low-rate sprays reduced the current season's shoot growth”
Claim · model-written summary
A single spray at 125 mg·L−1 on 28 July gave additional suppression of apple shoot growth after mid-season regrowth.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- a single spray (28 July) at 125 mg·L−1e7
- Outcome
- suppression of shoot growthe7
- Direction
- additionale7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“a single spray (28 July) at 125 mg·L−1 provided additional suppression of shoot growth”
e0“Prohexadione-calcium (Phd-Ca) (BAS 125W or 9054 W) applied at petal fall (PF) or within 10 days of PF to apple trees as a single spray or as multiple low-rate sprays reduced the current season's shoot growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Prohexadione-calcium treatment had no adverse effect on apple fruit quality over the 5-year study.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- fruit qualitye6
- Qualifier
- no adverse effectse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“During this 5-year study, there were no adverse effects on fruit quality and little or no effect on fruit size”
e0“Prohexadione-calcium (Phd-Ca) (BAS 125W or 9054 W) applied at petal fall (PF) or within 10 days of PF to apple trees as a single spray or as multiple low-rate sprays reduced the current season's shoot growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Prohexadione-calcium treatment had little or no effect on apple fruit size over the 5-year study.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- fruit sizee6
- Qualifier
- little or no effecte6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“During this 5-year study, there were no adverse effects on fruit quality and little or no effect on fruit size”
e0“Prohexadione-calcium (Phd-Ca) (BAS 125W or 9054 W) applied at petal fall (PF) or within 10 days of PF to apple trees as a single spray or as multiple low-rate sprays reduced the current season's shoot growth”
Claim · model-written summary
No appreciable carryover effect of prohexadione-calcium on the next season shoot growth of apple was found.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- carryover effecte7
- Qualifier
- no appreciablee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“There was no appreciable carryover effect on the next season's shoot growth or fruit size, and there was no additive effect from successive annual applications”
e0“Prohexadione-calcium (Phd-Ca) (BAS 125W or 9054 W) applied at petal fall (PF) or within 10 days of PF to apple trees as a single spray or as multiple low-rate sprays reduced the current season's shoot growth”
Claim · model-written summary
No additive effect of successive annual prohexadione-calcium applications was found in apple.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- additive effecte7
- Qualifier
- successive annual applicationse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“There was no appreciable carryover effect on the next season's shoot growth or fruit size, and there was no additive effect from successive annual applications”
e0“Prohexadione-calcium (Phd-Ca) (BAS 125W or 9054 W) applied at petal fall (PF) or within 10 days of PF to apple trees as a single spray or as multiple low-rate sprays reduced the current season's shoot growth”
The same questions in other papers
prohexadione-calcium · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- positive
18 papers more in this group
See all 22 papers →application · control · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
24 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
25 papers more in this group
See all 29 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.