Abstract
Abstract Barley plants were grown hydroponically at two levels of K (3.0 and 30 mm) and Fe (1.0 and 10 μm) in the presence of excess Mn (25 μm) for 14 d in a phytotron. Plants grown under adequate K level (3.0 mm) were characterized by brown spots on old leaves, desiccation of old leaves, interveinal chlorosis on young leaves, browning of roots, and release of phytosiderophores (PS) from roots. These symptoms were more pronounced in the plants grown under suboptimal Fe level (1.0 p,M) than in the plants grown under adequate Fe level (10 μm). Plants grown in 10 μm Fe with additional K (30 mm) produced a larger amount of dry matter and released less PS than the plants grown under adequate K level (3.0 mm), and did not show leaf injury symptoms and root browning. On the other hand, the additional K supply in the presence of 1.0 μM Fe decreased the severity of brown spots, prevented leaf desiccation, and increased the leaf chlorophyll content, which was not sufficient for the regreening of chlorotic leaves. These results suggested that the additional K alleviated the symptoms of Mn toxicity depending on the Fe concentration in the nutrient solution. The concentration (per g dry matter) and accumulation (per plant) of Mn in shoots and roots of plants grown in 10 μm Fe and 30 mm K were much lower than those of the plants grown in 10 μm Fe and 3.0 mm K, indicating that additional K repressed the absorption of Mn. The concentration and accumulation of Fe in the shoots and roots of the plants grown in 10 μm Fe and 30 mm K were higher than those of the plants grown in 10 μm Fe and 3.0 mm K, indicating that the additional K increased the absorption of Fe under excess Mn level in the nutrient solution. The release of PS, chlorophyll content, and shoot Fe concentration were closely correlated. Key Words: additional potassiumameliorationiron deficiencymanganese toxicityphytosiderophore release
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Under adequate K and excess Mn, barley showed leaf spotting, desiccation, chlorosis, root browning and phytosiderophore release.
- Taxon
- Barley
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Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- adequate K level (3.0 mm)e0
- Outcome
- brown spots on old leaves, desiccation of old leaves, interveinal chlorosis on young leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Plants grown under adequate K level (3.0 mm) were characterized by brown spots on old leaves, desiccation of old leaves, interveinal chlorosis on young leaves, browning of roots, and release of phytosiderophores (PS) from roots.”
t0“Alleviation of manganese toxicity and manganese-induced iron deficiency in barley by additional potassium supply in nutrient solution”
Claim · model-written summary
Symptoms were more pronounced at suboptimal than adequate Fe.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- suboptimal Fe level (1.0 p,M)e0
- Outcome
- These symptomse0
- Direction
- more pronouncede0
- Comparator
- adequate Fe level (10 μm)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These symptoms were more pronounced in the plants grown under suboptimal Fe level (1.0 p,M) than in the plants grown under adequate Fe level (10 μm).”
t0“Alleviation of manganese toxicity and manganese-induced iron deficiency in barley by additional potassium supply in nutrient solution”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional K increased dry matter under 10 μm Fe.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- additional K (30 mm)e0
- Outcome
- dry mattere0
- Direction
- largere0
- Qualifier
- 10 μm Fee0
- Comparator
- adequate K level (3.0 mm)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants grown in 10 μm Fe with additional K (30 mm) produced a larger amount of dry matter and released less PS than the plants grown under adequate K level (3.0 mm)”
t0“Alleviation of manganese toxicity and manganese-induced iron deficiency in barley by additional potassium supply in nutrient solution”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional K reduced phytosiderophore release under 10 μm Fe.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- additional K (30 mm)e0
- Outcome
- PSe0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Qualifier
- 10 μm Fee0
- Comparator
- adequate K level (3.0 mm)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants grown in 10 μm Fe with additional K (30 mm) produced a larger amount of dry matter and released less PS than the plants grown under adequate K level (3.0 mm)”
t0“Alleviation of manganese toxicity and manganese-induced iron deficiency in barley by additional potassium supply in nutrient solution”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional K prevented leaf injury and root browning under 10 μm Fe.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- additional K (30 mm)e0
- Outcome
- leaf injury symptoms and root browninge0
- Direction
- did not showe0
- Comparator
- adequate K level (3.0 mm)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants grown in 10 μm Fe with additional K (30 mm) produced a larger amount of dry matter and released less PS than the plants grown under adequate K level (3.0 mm), and did not show leaf injury symptoms and root browning.”
t0“Alleviation of manganese toxicity and manganese-induced iron deficiency in barley by additional potassium supply in nutrient solution”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional K decreased brown-spot severity under 1.0 μM Fe.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- additional K supplye0
- Outcome
- severity of brown spotse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- 1.0 μM Fee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the additional K supply in the presence of 1.0 μM Fe decreased the severity of brown spots”
t0“Alleviation of manganese toxicity and manganese-induced iron deficiency in barley by additional potassium supply in nutrient solution”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional K prevented leaf desiccation under 1.0 μM Fe.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- additional K supplye0
- Outcome
- leaf desiccatione0
- Direction
- preventede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the additional K supply in the presence of 1.0 μM Fe decreased the severity of brown spots, prevented leaf desiccation”
t0“Alleviation of manganese toxicity and manganese-induced iron deficiency in barley by additional potassium supply in nutrient solution”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional K increased leaf chlorophyll under 1.0 μM Fe, insufficient to regreen chlorotic leaves.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- additional Ke1
- Outcome
- leaf chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- not sufficient for the regreening of chlorotic leavese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased the leaf chlorophyll content, which was not sufficient for the regreening of chlorotic leaves”
t0“Alleviation of manganese toxicity and manganese-induced iron deficiency in barley by additional potassium supply in nutrient solution”
e1“the additional K supply in the presence of 1.0 μM Fe decreased the severity of brown spots”
Claim · model-written summary
With 10 μm Fe, additional K lowered Mn concentration and accumulation in shoots and roots.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- 30 mm Ke0
- Outcome
- concentration (per g dry matter) and accumulation (per plant) of Mn in shoots and rootse0
- Direction
- much lowere0
- Comparator
- 3.0 mm Ke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The concentration (per g dry matter) and accumulation (per plant) of Mn in shoots and roots of plants grown in 10 μm Fe and 30 mm K were much lower than those of the plants grown in 10 μm Fe and 3.0 mm K”
t0“Alleviation of manganese toxicity and manganese-induced iron deficiency in barley by additional potassium supply in nutrient solution”
Claim · model-written summary
With 10 μm Fe, additional K raised Fe concentration and accumulation in shoots and roots.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- 30 mm Ke0
- Outcome
- concentration and accumulation of Fe in the shoots and rootse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- 3.0 mm Ke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The concentration and accumulation of Fe in the shoots and roots of the plants grown in 10 μm Fe and 30 mm K were higher than those of the plants grown in 10 μm Fe and 3.0 mm K”
t0“Alleviation of manganese toxicity and manganese-induced iron deficiency in barley by additional potassium supply in nutrient solution”
Claim · model-written summary
Phytosiderophore release, chlorophyll content and shoot Fe concentration were closely correlated.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- shoote0
- Outcome
- release of PS, chlorophyll content, and shoot Fe concentratione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The release of PS, chlorophyll content, and shoot Fe concentration were closely correlated.”
t0“Alleviation of manganese toxicity and manganese-induced iron deficiency in barley by additional potassium supply in nutrient solution”
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