Abstract
Irrigation of wheat plants with seawater (10 and 25 %) led to a significant increase in free and bound ABA in leaves, especially at 25 %. The relative water content (RWC), particularly at 25 %, and water use efficiency of the seawater‐irrigated plants were lower than those of the control. Grain pre‐soaking in GA 3 , IAA or ABA reduced the levels of accumulated ABA (free and bound) resulting from seawater irrigation. The stress imposed by seawater generally reduced yield and yield components of wheat plants, and the effect was more pronounced at the higher level of seawater (25 %). Furthermore, seawater treatments decreased the carbohydrate content and increased the protein content of the developing grains. The effect of seawater treatments on ion concentration in the developing grains was not consistent. The application of growth bioregulators appeared to mitigate the effect of seawater salinity stress on wheat productivity. Gibberellic acid gave the best effect. The economic yield (grain yield) had a strong positive correlation with RWC, water use efficiency for grain yield, water use efficiency for biomass, plant height, shoot fresh and dry weights, grain number/main spike, kernel weight and harvest index.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Seawater irrigation significantly increased free and bound leaf ABA, especially at 25%.
- Taxon
- wheat plants
Triticum aestivume0 - Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- seawater (10 and 25 %)e0
- Outcome
- free and bound ABA in leavese0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- especially at 25 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation of wheat plants with seawater (10 and 25 %) led to a significant increase in free and bound ABA in leaves, especially at 25 %.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seawater irrigation lowered relative water content, especially at 25%.
Verbatim
e0“The relative water content (RWC), particularly at 25 %, and water use efficiency of the seawater‐irrigated plants were lower than those of the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seawater irrigation lowered water use efficiency.
Verbatim
e0“The relative water content (RWC), particularly at 25 %, and water use efficiency of the seawater‐irrigated plants were lower than those of the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 grain presoak reduced seawater-induced ABA accumulation.
- Taxon
- Wheat PlantsTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- GA 3e0
- Outcome
- accumulated ABA (free and bound)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- resulting from seawater irrigatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain pre‐soaking in GA 3 , IAA or ABA reduced the levels of accumulated ABA (free and bound) resulting from seawater irrigation.”
t0“Wheat Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA grain presoak reduced seawater-induced ABA accumulation.
- Taxon
- Wheat PlantsTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- IAAe0
- Outcome
- accumulated ABA (free and bound)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- resulting from seawater irrigatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain pre‐soaking in GA 3 , IAA or ABA reduced the levels of accumulated ABA (free and bound) resulting from seawater irrigation.”
t0“Wheat Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA grain presoak reduced seawater-induced ABA accumulation.
- Taxon
- Wheat PlantsTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- accumulated ABA (free and bound)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- resulting from seawater irrigatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain pre‐soaking in GA 3 , IAA or ABA reduced the levels of accumulated ABA (free and bound) resulting from seawater irrigation.”
t0“Wheat Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Seawater stress reduced wheat yield and yield components, with a stronger effect at 25%.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- seawatere0
- Outcome
- yield and yield componentse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- more pronounced at the higher level of seawater (25 %)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The stress imposed by seawater generally reduced yield and yield components of wheat plants, and the effect was more pronounced at the higher level of seawater (25 %).”
Claim · model-written summary
Seawater treatment decreased carbohydrate content in developing grains.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- developing grainse0
- Treatment
- seawater treatmentse0
- Outcome
- carbohydrate contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seawater treatments decreased the carbohydrate content and increased the protein content of the developing grains.”
t0“wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Seawater treatment increased protein content in developing grains.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- developing grainse0
- Treatment
- seawater treatmentse0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seawater treatments decreased the carbohydrate content and increased the protein content of the developing grains.”
t0“wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The seawater effect on developing grain ion concentration was inconsistent.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- developing grainse0
- Treatment
- seawater treatmentse0
- Outcome
- ion concentratione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of seawater treatments on ion concentration in the developing grains was not consistent.”
t0“wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth bioregulators appeared to mitigate seawater damage to wheat productivity.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- growth bioregulatorse0
- Outcome
- wheat productivitye0
- Direction
- mitigatee0
- Qualifier
- seawater salinity stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of growth bioregulators appeared to mitigate the effect of seawater salinity stress on wheat productivity.”
t0“wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid gave the best effect among growth bioregulators.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Gibberellic acide0
- Outcome
- best effecte0
- Direction
- best effecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gibberellic acid gave the best effect.”
t0“wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield was positively correlated with water and growth traits.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- shoote0
- Outcome
- economic yield (grain yield)e0
- Direction
- strong positive correlatione0
- Qualifier
- RWC, water use efficiency for grain yield, water use efficiency for biomass, plant height, shoot fresh and dry weights, grain number/main spike, kernel weight and harvest indexe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The economic yield (grain yield) had a strong positive correlation with RWC, water use efficiency for grain yield, water use efficiency for biomass, plant height, shoot fresh and dry weights, grain number/main spike, kernel weight and harvest index.”
t0“wheat plants”
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