Abstract
Alfalfa–orchardgrass hay is popular in the Western United States because of an expanding horse-hay market. However, weed control in mixed alfalfa–orchardgrass stands is problematic, as herbicides must be safe for both species. Most growers rely solely on the competitiveness of the crop for weed control, which is often insufficient, especially in older stands. Field experiments were established in northern California to determine the efficacy and crop safety of several herbicides for winter annual weed control in established alfalfa–orchardgrass. Metribuzin at 560 or 840 g/ha and hexazinone at 420 g/ha applied in late fall provided at least 95% control of shepherd's purse and at least 80% control of downy brome without crop injury. Imazethapyr at 70 g/ha applied shortly after crop green-up provided more than 85% control of emerged mustards without crop injury. Paraquat at 560 g/ha applied shortly after crop green-up gave 50 to 82% weed control and caused significant injury to orchardgrass, which was still noticeable at first cutting.Nomenclature: Hexazinone, imazethapyr, metribuzin, paraquat, downy brome, Bromus tectorum L., shepherd's purse Capsella bursa-pastoris L,, alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., orchardgrass, Dactylis glomerata L
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Metribuzin controlled shepherd's purse by at least 95%.
- Taxon
- alfalfa–orchardgrass
Medicago sativa.jpg?width=60)
Dactylis glomeratat0 - Treatment
- Metribuzin at 560 or 840 g/hae0
- Interactor
- shepherd's purse
Capsella bursa-pastorise0weed - Outcome
- control of shepherd's pursee0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- 95%e0
- Setting
- northern Californiae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Metribuzin at 560 or 840 g/ha and hexazinone at 420 g/ha applied in late fall provided at least 95% control of shepherd's purse and at least 80% control of downy brome without crop injury”
t0“Alfalfa-Orchardgrass”
e1“Field experiments were established in northern California”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexazinone controlled shepherd's purse by at least 95%.
- Taxon
- alfalfa–orchardgrassMedicago sativaDactylis glomeratat0
- Treatment
- hexazinone at 420 g/hae0
- Interactor
- shepherd's purseCapsella bursa-pastorise0weed
- Outcome
- control of shepherd's pursee0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- 95%e0
- Setting
- northern Californiae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Metribuzin at 560 or 840 g/ha and hexazinone at 420 g/ha applied in late fall provided at least 95% control of shepherd's purse and at least 80% control of downy brome without crop injury”
t0“Alfalfa-Orchardgrass”
e1“Field experiments were established in northern California”
Claim · model-written summary
Metribuzin controlled downy brome by at least 80%.
- Taxon
- alfalfa–orchardgrassMedicago sativaDactylis glomeratat0
- Treatment
- Metribuzin at 560 or 840 g/hae0
- Interactor
- downy brome
Bromus tectorume0weed - Outcome
- control of downy bromee0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- 80%e0
- Setting
- northern Californiae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Metribuzin at 560 or 840 g/ha and hexazinone at 420 g/ha applied in late fall provided at least 95% control of shepherd's purse and at least 80% control of downy brome without crop injury”
t0“Alfalfa-Orchardgrass”
e1“Field experiments were established in northern California”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexazinone controlled downy brome by at least 80%.
- Taxon
- alfalfa–orchardgrassMedicago sativaDactylis glomeratat0
- Treatment
- hexazinone at 420 g/hae0
- Interactor
- downy bromeBromus tectorume0weed
- Outcome
- control of downy bromee0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- 80%e0
- Setting
- northern Californiae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Metribuzin at 560 or 840 g/ha and hexazinone at 420 g/ha applied in late fall provided at least 95% control of shepherd's purse and at least 80% control of downy brome without crop injury”
t0“Alfalfa-Orchardgrass”
e1“Field experiments were established in northern California”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazethapyr controlled emerged mustards by more than 85%.
- Taxon
- alfalfa–orchardgrassMedicago sativaDactylis glomeratat0
- Treatment
- Imazethapyr at 70 g/hae0
- Interactor
- emerged mustardse0weed
- Outcome
- control of emerged mustardse0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- 85%e0
- Setting
- northern Californiae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imazethapyr at 70 g/ha applied shortly after crop green-up provided more than 85% control of emerged mustards without crop injury”
t0“Alfalfa-Orchardgrass”
e1“Field experiments were established in northern California”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat gave 50 to 82% weed control.
- Taxon
- alfalfa–orchardgrassMedicago sativaDactylis glomeratat0
- Treatment
- Paraquat at 560 g/hae0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- 50 to 82%e0
- Setting
- northern Californiae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Paraquat at 560 g/ha applied shortly after crop green-up gave 50 to 82% weed control and caused significant injury to orchardgrass”
t0“Alfalfa-Orchardgrass”
e1“Field experiments were established in northern California”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat caused significant injury to orchardgrass.
- Taxon
- alfalfa–orchardgrassMedicago sativaDactylis glomeratat0
- Treatment
- Paraquat at 560 g/hae0
- Outcome
- injury to orchardgrasse0
- Direction
- injurye0
- Setting
- northern Californiae1
Not reportedInteractorInteractor roleComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Paraquat at 560 g/ha applied shortly after crop green-up gave 50 to 82% weed control and caused significant injury to orchardgrass”
t0“Alfalfa-Orchardgrass”
e1“Field experiments were established in northern California”
The same questions in other papers
Imazethapyr · control · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
paraquat · weed · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Hexazinone · Bromus tectorum · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
metribuzin · Bromus tectorum · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
paraquat · crop injury · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.