Abstract
The effect of Pochonia chlamydosporia , a facultative fungal parasite of nematode eggs, alone or in combination with oxamyl was evaluated in a double‐cropping system of lettuce and tomato in unheated plastic houses infested with Meloidogyne javanica at two sites for two consecutive growing seasons. An additional treatment of methyl bromide fumigation was included to compare crop yield in nematode‐free vs. nematode‐infested soil. Final population densities, reproductive rate, root gall rating, and egg production were determined after each crop. Pochonia chlamydosporia was isolated from nematode eggs up to nine months after application to soil. The fungus survived in the rhizosphere for the entire growing season at one site, but only at low densities. Final population densities of M. javanica decreased after cultivation of lettuce and increased after tomato, and this pattern of population fluctuation was unaffected by treatment, experiment or site. The reproductive rate on lettuce was equal to or below 1, and it was similar among treatments in both experiments at both sites. Eggs were not found on lettuce roots. On tomato, the reproductive rate in the fungus + oxamyl treatment was significantly lower ( P < 0·05) than other treatments in experiment 1 at both sites. Fungus + oxamyl consistently reduced root gall ratings on tomato in all cases, but numbers of eggs per g root varied depending on treatment. Methyl bromide‐treated plots remained free of M. javanica at the end of the 2‐year study.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Pochonia chlamydosporia was isolated from nematode eggs up to nine months after soil application.
- Taxon
- lettuce and tomato
Solanum lycopersicum
Lactuca sativat0 - Second interactor
- Pochonia chlamydosporiaPochonia chlamydosporiae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Pochonia chlamydosporia was isolated from nematode eggse0
- Value
- nine monthse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pochonia chlamydosporia was isolated from nematode eggs up to nine months after application to soil”
t0“lettuce and tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungus survived in the rhizosphere for the full growing season at one site at low density.
- Taxon
- lettuce and tomatoSolanum lycopersicumLactuca sativat0
- Interactor
- funguse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- fungus survived in the rhizospheree0
- Qualifier
- only at low densitiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fungus survived in the rhizosphere for the entire growing season at one site, but only at low densities”
t0“lettuce and tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
M. javanica final population density decreased after lettuce cultivation.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Interactor
- M. javanicaMeloidogyne javanicae0pest
- Outcome
- population densities of M. javanicae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Final population densities of M. javanica decreased after cultivation of lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
M. javanica final population density increased after tomato cultivation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- M. javanicaMeloidogyne javanicae1peste0
- Outcome
- population fluctuatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased after tomato, and this pattern of population fluctuation was unaffected by treatment, experiment or site”
t0“tomato”
e1“Final population densities of M. javanica decreased after cultivation of lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
The nematode population fluctuation pattern did not depend on treatment, experiment or site.
- Taxon
- lettuce and tomatoSolanum lycopersicumLactuca sativae1
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne javanicaMeloidogyne javanicae1peste0
- Outcome
- pattern of population fluctuatione0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this pattern of population fluctuation was unaffected by treatment, experiment or site”
t0“lettuce and tomato”
e1“The effect of Pochonia chlamydosporia , a facultative fungal parasite of nematode eggs, alone or in combination with oxamyl was evaluated in a double‐cropping system of lettuce and tomato in unheated plastic houses infested with Meloidogyne javanica”
Claim · model-written summary
Nematode reproductive rate on lettuce was at most 1.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Outcome
- reproductive ratee0
- Direction
- equal to or belowe0
- Value
- 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reproductive rate on lettuce was equal to or below 1”
Claim · model-written summary
Nematode reproductive rate on lettuce was similar among treatments.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Outcome
- reproductive ratee1
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it was similar among treatments in both experiments at both sites”
t0“lettuce”
e1“The reproductive rate on lettuce was equal to or below 1”
Claim · model-written summary
No nematode eggs were found on lettuce roots.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- Eggs were not founde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eggs were not found on lettuce roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungus plus oxamyl lowered nematode reproductive rate on tomato relative to other treatments in experiment 1 at both sites.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- fungus + oxamyl treatmente0
- Interactor
- funguse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- reproductive ratee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On tomato, the reproductive rate in the fungus + oxamyl treatment was significantly lower ( P < 0·05) than other treatments in experiment 1 at both sites”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungus plus oxamyl consistently reduced tomato root gall ratings.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Fungus + oxamyle0
- Interactor
- Funguse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- root gall ratingse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungus + oxamyl consistently reduced root gall ratings on tomato in all cases”
Claim · model-written summary
Egg numbers per gram of root varied by treatment.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- treatmente0
- Outcome
- numbers of eggs per g roote0
- Direction
- variede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“numbers of eggs per g root varied depending on treatment”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Methyl bromide plots remained free of M. javanica after two years.
- Taxon
- lettuce and tomatoSolanum lycopersicumLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- Methyl bromidee0
- Interactor
- M. javanicaMeloidogyne javanicae0pest
- Outcome
- free of M. javanicae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Methyl bromide‐treated plots remained free of M. javanica at the end of the 2‐year study”
t0“lettuce and tomato”
The same questions in other papers
oxamyl · pest · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →bromomethane · Meloidogyne javanica · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.