Abstract
BACKGROUND: The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is one of the most widely distributed agricultural pests. In recent years, B. tabaci Q has invaded China, and Q has displaced B in many areas now. In a number of regions of the world, invasion by B and/or Q has been followed by outbreaks of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). Our previous study showed TYLCV directly and indirectly modified the feeding behavior of B. tabaci in favor of Q rather than B. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In this study, we quantified the salicylic acid (SA) titers and relative gene expression of SA in tomato leaves that were infested with viruliferous or non-viruliferous B and Q. We also measured the impacts of exogenous SA on the performance of B and Q, including the effects on ovary development. SA titer was always higher in leaves that were infested with viruliferous B than with viruliferous Q, whereas the SA titer did not differ between leaves infested with non-viruliferous B and Q. The relative gene expression of SA signaling was increased by feeding of viruliferous B but was not increased by feeding of viruliferous Q. The life history traits of B and Q were adversely affected on SA-treated plants. On SA-treated plants, both B and Q had lower fecundity, shorter longevity, longer developmental time and lower survival rate than on untreated plants. Compared with whiteflies feeding on control plants, those feeding on SA-treated plants had fewer oocytes and slower ovary development. On SA-treated plants, viruliferous B had fewer oocytes than viruliferous Q. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These results indicate that TYLCV tends to induce SA-regulated plant defense against B but SA-regulated plant defense against Q was reduced. In other words, Q may have a mutualistic relationship with TYLCV that results in the reduction of the plant's defense response.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
SA titer was higher in tomato leaves infested with viruliferous B than in those infested with viruliferous Q.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- infested with viruliferous Be1
- Interactor
- Be1pest
- Second interactor
- Qe1pest
- Outcome
- SA titere1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- viruliferous Qe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we quantified the salicylic acid (SA) titers and relative gene expression of SA in tomato leaves that were infested with viruliferous or non-viruliferous B and Q”
e1“SA titer was always higher in leaves that were infested with viruliferous B than with viruliferous Q, whereas the SA titer did not differ between leaves infested with non-viruliferous B and Q”
Claim · model-written summary
SA titer did not differ between tomato leaves infested with non-viruliferous B and those infested with non-viruliferous Q.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- infested with non-viruliferous B and Qe1
- Interactor
- Be1pest
- Second interactor
- Qe1pest
- Outcome
- SA titere1
- Direction
- did not differe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we quantified the salicylic acid (SA) titers and relative gene expression of SA in tomato leaves that were infested with viruliferous or non-viruliferous B and Q”
e1“SA titer was always higher in leaves that were infested with viruliferous B than with viruliferous Q, whereas the SA titer did not differ between leaves infested with non-viruliferous B and Q”
Claim · model-written summary
Feeding of viruliferous B increased the relative gene expression of SA signaling in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- feeding of viruliferous Be2
- Interactor
- Be2pest
- Outcome
- relative gene expression of SA signalinge2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we quantified the salicylic acid (SA) titers and relative gene expression of SA in tomato leaves that were infested with viruliferous or non-viruliferous B and Q”
e2“The relative gene expression of SA signaling was increased by feeding of viruliferous B but was not increased by feeding of viruliferous Q”
Claim · model-written summary
Feeding of viruliferous Q did not increase the relative gene expression of SA signaling in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- feeding of viruliferous Qe2
- Interactor
- Qe2pest
- Outcome
- relative gene expression of SA signalinge2
- Direction
- not increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we quantified the salicylic acid (SA) titers and relative gene expression of SA in tomato leaves that were infested with viruliferous or non-viruliferous B and Q”
e2“The relative gene expression of SA signaling was increased by feeding of viruliferous B but was not increased by feeding of viruliferous Q”
Claim · model-written summary
On SA-treated tomato plants, both B and Q had lower fecundity than on untreated plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- SA-treated plantse4
- Interactor
- Be4pest
- Second interactor
- Qe4pest
- Outcome
- fecunditye4
- Direction
- lowere4
- Comparator
- untreated plantse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we quantified the salicylic acid (SA) titers and relative gene expression of SA in tomato leaves that were infested with viruliferous or non-viruliferous B and Q”
e4“On SA-treated plants, both B and Q had lower fecundity, shorter longevity, longer developmental time and lower survival rate than on untreated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
On SA-treated tomato plants, both B and Q had shorter longevity than on untreated plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- SA-treated plantse4
- Interactor
- Be4pest
- Second interactor
- Qe4pest
- Outcome
- longevitye4
- Direction
- shortere4
- Comparator
- untreated plantse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we quantified the salicylic acid (SA) titers and relative gene expression of SA in tomato leaves that were infested with viruliferous or non-viruliferous B and Q”
e4“On SA-treated plants, both B and Q had lower fecundity, shorter longevity, longer developmental time and lower survival rate than on untreated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
On SA-treated tomato plants, both B and Q had longer developmental time than on untreated plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- SA-treated plantse4
- Interactor
- Be4pest
- Second interactor
- Qe4pest
- Outcome
- developmental timee4
- Direction
- longere4
- Comparator
- untreated plantse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we quantified the salicylic acid (SA) titers and relative gene expression of SA in tomato leaves that were infested with viruliferous or non-viruliferous B and Q”
e4“On SA-treated plants, both B and Q had lower fecundity, shorter longevity, longer developmental time and lower survival rate than on untreated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
On SA-treated tomato plants, both B and Q had lower survival rate than on untreated plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- SA-treated plantse4
- Interactor
- Be4pest
- Second interactor
- Qe4pest
- Outcome
- survival ratee4
- Direction
- lowere4
- Comparator
- untreated plantse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we quantified the salicylic acid (SA) titers and relative gene expression of SA in tomato leaves that were infested with viruliferous or non-viruliferous B and Q”
e4“On SA-treated plants, both B and Q had lower fecundity, shorter longevity, longer developmental time and lower survival rate than on untreated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Whiteflies feeding on SA-treated tomato plants had fewer oocytes than those on control plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- SA-treated plantse6
- Interactor
- whitefliesAleyrodoideae6pest
- Outcome
- oocytese6
- Direction
- fewere6
- Comparator
- control plantse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we quantified the salicylic acid (SA) titers and relative gene expression of SA in tomato leaves that were infested with viruliferous or non-viruliferous B and Q”
e6“Compared with whiteflies feeding on control plants, those feeding on SA-treated plants had fewer oocytes and slower ovary development”
Claim · model-written summary
Whiteflies feeding on SA-treated tomato plants had slower ovary development than those on control plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- SA-treated plantse6
- Interactor
- whitefliesAleyrodoideae6pest
- Outcome
- ovary developmente6
- Direction
- slowere6
- Comparator
- control plantse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we quantified the salicylic acid (SA) titers and relative gene expression of SA in tomato leaves that were infested with viruliferous or non-viruliferous B and Q”
e6“Compared with whiteflies feeding on control plants, those feeding on SA-treated plants had fewer oocytes and slower ovary development”
Claim · model-written summary
On SA-treated tomato plants, viruliferous B had fewer oocytes than viruliferous Q.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- SA-treated plantse7
- Interactor
- Be7pest
- Second interactor
- Qe7pest
- Outcome
- oocytese7
- Direction
- fewere7
- Comparator
- viruliferous Qe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we quantified the salicylic acid (SA) titers and relative gene expression of SA in tomato leaves that were infested with viruliferous or non-viruliferous B and Q”
e7“On SA-treated plants, viruliferous B had fewer oocytes than viruliferous Q”
Claim · model-written summary
TYLCV tends to induce SA-regulated defense in tomato against B.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- Be3pest
- Second interactor
- TYLCVTomato yellow leaf curl viruse3pathogen
- Outcome
- SA-regulated plant defense against Be3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we quantified the salicylic acid (SA) titers and relative gene expression of SA in tomato leaves that were infested with viruliferous or non-viruliferous B and Q”
e3“These results indicate that TYLCV tends to induce SA-regulated plant defense against B but SA-regulated plant defense against Q was reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
SA-regulated defense in tomato against Q was reduced under TYLCV.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- Qe3pest
- Second interactor
- TYLCVTomato yellow leaf curl viruse3pathogen
- Outcome
- SA-regulated plant defense against Qe3
- Qualifier
- was reducede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we quantified the salicylic acid (SA) titers and relative gene expression of SA in tomato leaves that were infested with viruliferous or non-viruliferous B and Q”
e3“These results indicate that TYLCV tends to induce SA-regulated plant defense against B but SA-regulated plant defense against Q was reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
Q may have a mutualistic relationship with TYLCV that reduces the tomato defense response.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- TYLCVTomato yellow leaf curl viruse5pathogen
- Second interactor
- Qe5pest
- Outcome
- the reduction of the plant's defense responsee5
- Qualifier
- mutualistic relationship with TYLCVe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we quantified the salicylic acid (SA) titers and relative gene expression of SA in tomato leaves that were infested with viruliferous or non-viruliferous B and Q”
e5“Q may have a mutualistic relationship with TYLCV that results in the reduction of the plant's defense response”
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