Abstract
The study determined the major insect fauna of cowpea and evaluated the effectiveness of neem seed water extract (NSWE) and soil amendments in managing insect pest complex of cowpea at Juaboso in the Western Region. Phospho-compost was applied at the rate of 560 g plot-1 (865 kg ha-1). The NSWE was applied at the rate of 50 g 1-1 (15 kg ha-1). The phosphate rock and cymethoate were applied at the rate of 195 g plot-1 (300 kg ha-1) and 2.5 ml 1-1 (750 ml ha-1), respectively. Insect fauna belonging to eight orders were found associated with cowpea in the field. The major insect pests were Aphis craccivora (Koch), Spodoptera littoralis (F), Empoasca spp., Ootheca mutabilis (Sahlberg), Zonocerus variegatus (L.), Megalurothrips sjostedti (Trybom), Maruca vitrata (Fabricius), and Anoplocnemis curvipes (Fab.). Neem seed extract and cymethoate (synthetic insecticide) significantly reduced the incidence of these insect pests, thereby reducing the damage caused to the leaves and pods in treated plots. The incidence of beneficial insects was higher on NSWE-treated plots than on cymethoate- treated plots. These included Mantis mantis, species of Bombus, Crematogaster and Coccinella, and dragonfly. This suggests that NSWE was less harmful to beneficial insects than cymethoate. The phospho-compost-NSWE treatment recorded grain yield of 1.168 tonnes ha-1, which was 68.5 per cent higher than the no soil amendment-no insecticide treatment (0.368 tonnes ha-1). The phospho- compost-NSWE insecticide treatment had a profit margin of ¢1,804,000.00 ($212.2), whilst the no soil amendment-no insecticide treatment had a loss of ¢373,000.00 ($43.9). The use of phospho-compost and neem seed extract may represent an important component of the integrated crop and pest management strategy in traditional farming systems in Ghana.Des études étaient entreprises à Juaboso dans la région ouest du Ghana pour déterminer la faune d'insecte majeure de dolique et pour évaluer l'efficacité de l'extrait d'eau de la graine de margousier (EEGM) et d'amendements du sol dans la lutte contre l'ensemble d'insectes ravageurs de dolique. Le phospho-compost était appliqué à la proportion de 560 g lot-1 (865 kg ha-1). Le EEGM était appliqué à la proportion de 50 g l-1 (15 kg ha-1). La roche de phosphate et la cyméthoate étaient appliquées à la proportion de 195 g lot-1 (300 kg ha-1) et 2.5 ml l-1 (750 ml ha-1), respectivement. La faune d'insecte appartenant à huit ordres était trouvée d'être associé avec la dolique au champ. Les insectes ravageurs majeures étaient Aphis craccivora (Koch); Spodoptera littoralis (F), Empoasca spp., Ootheca mutabilis (Sahlberg), Zonocerus variegatus (L.), Megalurothrips sjostedti (Trybom), Maruca vitrata (Fabricius), et Anoplocnemis curvipes (Fab.). L'extrait de la graine de margousier et la cyméthoate (insecticide sythétique) provoquait une réduction considérable de la fréquence de ces insectes ravageurs avec une réduction qui en a résulté aux ravages faits aux feuilles et aux cosses dans les lots traités. La fréquence d'insectes bénéfiques était plus élevée sur les lots traités d'EEGM que sur les lots traités de cyméthoate. Parmi ceux étaient Mantis mantis, espèces de Bombus, Crematogaster, Coccinella et la libellule. Ceci suggère qu'EEGM était moins nuisible aux insectes bénéfiques que la cyméthoate. Le traitement de phosphocompost – EEGM enregistrait un rendement de grain de 1.168 tonnes ha-1 qui était 68.5 pour cent plus élevé que le traitement de sans-amendement de sol–sans-insecticide (0.368 tonnes ha-1). Le traitement de phospho compost - EEGM avait une marge bénéficiaire de 1,804,000 cedis ($212.2) alors que le traitement de sans-amendement de sol–sans-insecticide avait une perte de 373,000 cedis ($43.9). L'utilisation de phospho-compost et d'extrait de la graine de margousier pourrait représenter un élément important de la stratégie intégrée de l'amenagement de culture et de la lutte contre les ravageurs dans les systèmes d'agriculture traditionnelle au Ghana. Ghana Journal of Agricultural Science Vol. 39 (1) 2006: pp. 103
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Insect fauna of eight orders occurred with field cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae0 - Outcome
- Insect fauna belonging to eight orderse0
- Value
- eight orderse0
- Setting
- fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Insect fauna belonging to eight orders were found associated with cowpea in the field.”
Claim · model-written summary
Eight named taxa were the major cowpea insect pests.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Interactor
- Aphis craccivora (Koch)
Aphis craccivorae0pest - Outcome
- major insect pestse0
- Qualifier
- Spodoptera littoralis (F), Empoasca spp., Ootheca mutabilis (Sahlberg), Zonocerus variegatus (L.), Megalurothrips sjostedti (Trybom), Maruca vitrata (Fabricius), and Anoplocnemis curvipes (Fab.)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The major insect pests were Aphis craccivora (Koch), Spodoptera littoralis (F), Empoasca spp., Ootheca mutabilis (Sahlberg), Zonocerus variegatus (L.), Megalurothrips sjostedti (Trybom), Maruca vitrata (Fabricius), and Anoplocnemis curvipes (Fab.).”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem seed extract significantly reduced cowpea pest incidence and leaf and pod damage.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Neem seed extracte0
- Outcome
- incidence of these insect pestse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neem seed extract and cymethoate (synthetic insecticide) significantly reduced the incidence of these insect pests, thereby reducing the damage caused to the leaves and pods in treated plots.”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Cymethoate significantly reduced cowpea pest incidence and leaf and pod damage.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- cymethoatee0
- Outcome
- incidence of these insect pestse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neem seed extract and cymethoate (synthetic insecticide) significantly reduced the incidence of these insect pests, thereby reducing the damage caused to the leaves and pods in treated plots.”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Beneficial insect incidence was higher with neem seed extract than with cymethoate.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- NSWE-treated plotse0
- Outcome
- incidence of beneficial insectse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- cymethoate- treated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The incidence of beneficial insects was higher on NSWE-treated plots than on cymethoate- treated plots.”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem seed extract was interpreted as less harmful to beneficial insects than cymethoate.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- harmful to beneficial insectse0
- Direction
- less harmfule0
- Comparator
- cymethoatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This suggests that NSWE was less harmful to beneficial insects than cymethoate.”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Phospho-compost with neem seed extract yielded 1.168 tonnes ha-1 of cowpea grain, reported as 68.5 per cent above the untreated treatment.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- phospho-compost-NSWE treatmente0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.168 tonnes ha-1e0
- Qualifier
- 68.5 per cente0
- Comparator
- no soil amendment-no insecticide treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The phospho-compost-NSWE treatment recorded grain yield of 1.168 tonnes ha-1, which was 68.5 per cent higher than the no soil amendment-no insecticide treatment (0.368 tonnes ha-1).”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Phospho-compost with neem seed extract had a profit margin of ¢1,804,000.00 ($212.2), while the untreated plots had a loss.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- phospho- compost-NSWE insecticide treatmente0
- Outcome
- profit margine0
- Value
- ¢1,804,000.00 ($212.2)e0
- Qualifier
- loss of ¢373,000.00 ($43.9)e0
- Comparator
- no soil amendment-no insecticide treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The phospho- compost-NSWE insecticide treatment had a profit margin of ¢1,804,000.00 ($212.2), whilst the no soil amendment-no insecticide treatment had a loss of ¢373,000.00 ($43.9).”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend phospho-compost and neem extract as part of integrated crop and pest management in Ghana.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- use of phospho-compost and neem seed extracte0
- Setting
- Ghanae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of phospho-compost and neem seed extract may represent an important component of the integrated crop and pest management strategy in traditional farming systems in Ghana.”
t0“cowpea”
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