Abstract
Abstract The protective, curative and eradicant activity of the strobilurin fungicide azoxystrobin against Cercospora beticola and Erysiphe betae on sugar beet was determined under growth chamber conditions. Difenoconazole and chlorothalonil were used as standard fungicides against C. beticola , while chlorothalonil was replaced by sulphur against E. betae . Fungicides were applied before (protective treatments) and after (curative treatments) inoculation at 24, 48 and 96 h intervals, respectively. An additional spray treatment was applied after the appearance of the symptoms to evaluate the eradicant activity of the fungicides tested. Applications of azoxystrobin at 16 μ /ml provided 89–94% and 95–97% disease control against C. beticola and E. betae , respectively. Curative treatments of azoxystrobin either at 8 or 16 μ g/ml provided control of Cercospora leaf‐spot higher than 90% only when it was applied 24 h after inoculation of the plants. Comparatively, chlorothalonil (100 μ g/ml) provided satisfactory control of C. beticola when applied in protective treatments (83–87% disease control) but showed little activity when applied after the inoculation of the seedlings (45–76% disease control). High control efficacy against E. betae was also obtained by protective applications of sulphur (600 μ g/ml) but the fungicide failed to provide satisfactory disease control, particularly when applied for 48 or 96 h after inoculation of seedlings. Difenoconazole (8 μ g/ml) gave excellent protective and curative activity against both pathogens. Eradicative treatments with azoxystrobin provided high antisporulant activity of 94–96% and 85–93% against C. beticola and E. betae , respectively. Similarly, high antisporulant activity was also provided by difenoconazole, while postsymptom applications of chlorothalonil and sulphur provided significantly lower antisporulant activity against C. beticola and E. betae , respectively. Such results encourage the evaluation of azoxystrobin under field conditions to determine optimal treatment schedules and to select possibly partner fungicides for use in mixtures.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Azoxystrobin controlled C. beticola by 89–94%.
- Taxon
- sugar beet
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0 - Treatment
- azoxystrobin at 16 μ /mle0
- Interactor
- C. beticola
Cercospora beticolae0pathogen - Outcome
- disease control against C. beticolae0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- 89–94%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applications of azoxystrobin at 16 μ /ml provided 89–94% and 95–97% disease control against C. beticola and E. betae , respectively.”
t0“on sugar beet was determined”
Claim · model-written summary
Azoxystrobin controlled E. betae by 95–97%.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- azoxystrobin at 16 μ /mle0
- Interactor
- E. betae
Erysiphe betaee0pathogen - Outcome
- disease control against C. beticola and E. betaee0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- 95–97%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applications of azoxystrobin at 16 μ /ml provided 89–94% and 95–97% disease control against C. beticola and E. betae , respectively.”
t0“on sugar beet was determined”
Claim · model-written summary
Curative azoxystrobin exceeded 90% Cercospora leaf-spot control only at 24 hours after inoculation.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- azoxystrobin either at 8 or 16 μ g/mle0
- Interactor
- CercosporaCercosporae0pathogen
- Outcome
- control of Cercospora leaf‐spote0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 90%e0
- Qualifier
- 24 h after inoculatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Curative treatments of azoxystrobin either at 8 or 16 μ g/ml provided control of Cercospora leaf‐spot higher than 90% only when it was applied 24 h after inoculation of the plants.”
t0“on sugar beet was determined”
Claim · model-written summary
Protective chlorothalonil controlled C. beticola by 83–87%.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- chlorothalonil (100 μ g/ml)e0
- Interactor
- C. beticolaCercospora beticolae0pathogen
- Outcome
- control of C. beticolae0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- 83–87%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorothalonil (100 μ g/ml) provided satisfactory control of C. beticola when applied in protective treatments (83–87% disease control)”
t0“on sugar beet was determined”
Claim · model-written summary
Postinoculation chlorothalonil gave 45–76% disease control of C. beticola.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- chlorothalonile0
- Interactor
- C. beticolaCercospora beticolae0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease controle0
- Direction
- little activitye0
- Value
- 45–76%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorothalonil (100 μ g/ml) provided satisfactory control of C. beticola when applied in protective treatments (83–87% disease control) but showed little activity when applied after the inoculation of the seedlings (45–76% disease control)”
t0“on sugar beet was determined”
Claim · model-written summary
Protective sulphur had high efficacy against E. betae.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- protective applications of sulphur (600 μ g/ml)e0
- Interactor
- E. betaeErysiphe betaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- control efficacy against E. betaee0
- Direction
- Highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High control efficacy against E. betae was also obtained by protective applications of sulphur (600 μ g/ml)”
t0“on sugar beet was determined”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur gave unsatisfactory E. betae control after inoculation, especially at 48 or 96 hours.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- sulphure0
- Interactor
- E. betaeErysiphe betaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease controle0
- Direction
- failed to provide satisfactorye0
- Qualifier
- 48 or 96 h after inoculatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High control efficacy against E. betae was also obtained by protective applications of sulphur (600 μ g/ml) but the fungicide failed to provide satisfactory disease control, particularly when applied for 48 or 96 h after inoculation of seedlings.”
t0“on sugar beet was determined”
Claim · model-written summary
Difenoconazole had excellent protective and curative activity against both pathogens.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Difenoconazole (8 μ g/ml)e0
- Outcome
- protective and curative activitye0
- Direction
- excellente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Difenoconazole (8 μ g/ml) gave excellent protective and curative activity against both pathogens.”
t0“on sugar beet was determined”
Claim · model-written summary
Eradicative azoxystrobin gave 94–96% antisporulant activity against C. beticola.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Eradicative treatments with azoxystrobine0
- Interactor
- C. beticolaCercospora beticolae0pathogen
- Outcome
- antisporulant activitye0
- Direction
- highe0
- Value
- 94–96%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eradicative treatments with azoxystrobin provided high antisporulant activity of 94–96% and 85–93% against C. beticola and E. betae , respectively.”
t0“on sugar beet was determined”
Claim · model-written summary
Eradicative azoxystrobin gave 85–93% antisporulant activity against E. betae.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Eradicative treatments with azoxystrobine0
- Interactor
- E. betaeErysiphe betaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- antisporulant activitye0
- Direction
- highe0
- Value
- 85–93%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eradicative treatments with azoxystrobin provided high antisporulant activity of 94–96% and 85–93% against C. beticola and E. betae , respectively.”
t0“on sugar beet was determined”
Claim · model-written summary
Difenoconazole also had high antisporulant activity.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- difenoconazolee0
- Outcome
- antisporulant activitye0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly, high antisporulant activity was also provided by difenoconazole”
t0“on sugar beet was determined”
Claim · model-written summary
Postsymptom chlorothalonil had lower antisporulant activity against C. beticola.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- chlorothalonile0
- Interactor
- C. beticolaCercospora beticolae0pathogen
- Outcome
- antisporulant activity against C. beticolae0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“postsymptom applications of chlorothalonil and sulphur provided significantly lower antisporulant activity against C. beticola and E. betae , respectively.”
t0“on sugar beet was determined”
Claim · model-written summary
Postsymptom sulphur had lower antisporulant activity against E. betae.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- sulphure0
- Interactor
- E. betaeErysiphe betaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- antisporulant activity against C. beticola and E. betaee0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“postsymptom applications of chlorothalonil and sulphur provided significantly lower antisporulant activity against C. beticola and E. betae , respectively.”
t0“on sugar beet was determined”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend field evaluation of azoxystrobin schedules and mixture partners.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Outcome
- evaluation of azoxystrobin under field conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Such results encourage the evaluation of azoxystrobin under field conditions to determine optimal treatment schedules and to select possibly partner fungicides for use in mixtures.”
t0“on sugar beet was determined”
The same questions in other papers
sulfur atom · Erysiphe betae · Beta vulgaris (beet)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
azoxystrobin · Cercospora beticola · Beta vulgaris (beet)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.