Abstract
A collection of 31 Xanthomonas arboricola pv. corylina strains isolated from Corylus maxima and C. avellana of different countries were assessed by means of repetitive PCR using ERIC, BOX and REP primer sets and analysis of whole‐cell protein extracts; pathogenicity tests to three hazelnut ( C. avellana ) cultivars; and some key biochemical tests. From these studies, the X. arboricola pv. corylina strains were clustered into five and three groups by repetitive PCR and protein analysis, respectively, and by using UPGMA cluster analysis, with two strains forming an outlier group to these. The groups showed a high degree of similarity. Strain membership between the groups designed by the two methods exhibited a high degree of congruence, and diversity between the groups was low. Surprisingly, the two strains originating from C. maxima , that include the type strain NCPPB 935, formed the most distinctive group. No relationship to geographic origin of the strains was evident. All strains proved pathogenic towards three different hazelnut cultivars, although the strains obtained from C. maxima did not incite any significant symptoms on buds and twigs. No other relationships between rep‐PCR and whole‐cell protein groups and pathogenicity were evident. The distinctiveness of the C. maxima strains was supported further by atypical negative gelatin liquefaction test and reduced quinate metabolism results.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Rep-PCR and protein analysis grouped strains into five and three groups, respectively.
- Taxon
- Corylus maxima and C. avellana
Corylus avellana
Corylus maximae1 - Interactor
- X. arboricola pv. corylinaXanthomonas arboricola pv. corylinae0pathogen
- Outcome
- clustered into five and three groupse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the X. arboricola pv. corylina strains were clustered into five and three groups by repetitive PCR and protein analysis, respectively”
e1“Corylus maxima and C. avellana”
Claim · model-written summary
Two strains formed an outlier group.
- Taxon
- Corylus maxima and C. avellanaCorylus avellanaCorylus maximae1
- Interactor
- X. arboricola pv. corylinaXanthomonas arboricola pv. corylinae2pathogen
- Outcome
- outlier groupe0
- Value
- two strainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with two strains forming an outlier group to these”
e1“Corylus maxima and C. avellana”
e2“X. arboricola pv. corylina strains”
Claim · model-written summary
The groups were highly similar, method memberships highly congruent, and between-group diversity low.
- Taxon
- Corylus maxima and C. avellanaCorylus avellanaCorylus maximae1
- Interactor
- X. arboricola pv. corylinaXanthomonas arboricola pv. corylinae2pathogen
- Outcome
- high degree of similaritye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The groups showed a high degree of similarity. Strain membership between the groups designed by the two methods exhibited a high degree of congruence, and diversity between the groups was low.”
e1“Corylus maxima and C. avellana”
e2“X. arboricola pv. corylina strains”
Claim · model-written summary
The two C. maxima strains including the type strain formed the most distinctive group.
- Taxon
- C. maximaCorylus maximae0
- Interactor
- X. arboricola pv. corylinaXanthomonas arboricola pv. corylinae1pathogen
- Outcome
- most distinctive groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the two strains originating from C. maxima , that include the type strain NCPPB 935, formed the most distinctive group”
e1“X. arboricola pv. corylina strains”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain grouping had no evident relation to geographic origin.
- Taxon
- Corylus maxima and C. avellanaCorylus avellanaCorylus maximae1
- Interactor
- X. arboricola pv. corylinaXanthomonas arboricola pv. corylinae2pathogen
- Outcome
- relationship to geographic origin of the strainse0
- Direction
- No relationshipe0
- Setting
- geographic origine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No relationship to geographic origin of the strains was evident.”
e1“Corylus maxima and C. avellana”
e2“X. arboricola pv. corylina strains”
Claim · model-written summary
All strains were pathogenic toward three hazelnut cultivars.
- Taxon
- hazelnute0
- Interactor
- X. arboricola pv. corylinaXanthomonas arboricola pv. corylinae1pathogen
- Outcome
- pathogenic towards three different hazelnut cultivarse0
Verbatim
e0“All strains proved pathogenic towards three different hazelnut cultivars”
e1“X. arboricola pv. corylina strains”
Claim · model-written summary
C. maxima strains did not induce significant symptoms on buds and twigs.
- Taxon
- C. maximaCorylus maximae0
- Organ / stage
- buds and twigse0
- Interactor
- X. arboricola pv. corylinaXanthomonas arboricola pv. corylinae1pathogen
- Outcome
- symptoms on buds and twigse0
- Direction
- did not incitee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the strains obtained from C. maxima did not incite any significant symptoms on buds and twigs”
e1“X. arboricola pv. corylina strains”
Claim · model-written summary
Rep-PCR and protein groups had no other evident relationship with pathogenicity.
- Taxon
- Corylus maxima and C. avellanaCorylus avellanaCorylus maximae1
- Interactor
- X. arboricola pv. corylinaXanthomonas arboricola pv. corylinae2pathogen
- Outcome
- relationships between rep‐PCR and whole‐cell protein groups and pathogenicitye0
- Direction
- No other relationshipse0
- Comparator
- rep‐PCR and whole‐cell protein groupse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No other relationships between rep‐PCR and whole‐cell protein groups and pathogenicity were evident.”
e1“Corylus maxima and C. avellana”
e2“X. arboricola pv. corylina strains”
Claim · model-written summary
C. maxima strains had atypical negative gelatin liquefaction and reduced quinate metabolism.
- Taxon
- C. maximaCorylus maximae0
- Interactor
- X. arboricola pv. corylinaXanthomonas arboricola pv. corylinae1pathogen
- Outcome
- atypical negative gelatin liquefaction test and reduced quinate metabolism resultse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The distinctiveness of the C. maxima strains was supported further by atypical negative gelatin liquefaction test and reduced quinate metabolism results.”
e1“X. arboricola pv. corylina strains”