Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) production relies strongly on nitrogen (N) fertilization with urea, but the proteins involved in rice urea metabolism have not yet been characterized. Coding sequences for rice arginase, urease, and the urease accessory proteins D (UreD), F (UreF), and G (UreG) involved in urease activation were identified and cloned. The functionality of urease and the urease accessory proteins was demonstrated by complementing corresponding Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants and by multiple transient coexpression of the rice proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana. Secondary structure models of rice (plant) UreD and UreF proteins revealed a possible functional conservation to bacterial orthologs, especially for UreF. Using amino-terminally StrepII-tagged urease accessory proteins, an interaction between rice UreD and urease could be shown. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic urease activation complexes seem conserved despite limited protein sequence conservation for UreF and UreD. In plant metabolism, urea is generated by the arginase reaction. Rice arginase was transiently expressed as a carboxyl-terminally StrepII-tagged fusion protein in N. benthamiana, purified, and biochemically characterized (K(m) = 67 mm, k(cat) = 490 s(-1)). The activity depended on the presence of manganese (K(d) = 1.3 microm). In physiological experiments, urease and arginase activities were not influenced by the external N source, but sole urea nutrition imbalanced the plant amino acid profile, leading to the accumulation of asparagine and glutamine in the roots. Our data indicate that reduced plant performance with urea as N source is not a direct result of insufficient urea metabolism but may in part be caused by an imbalance of N distribution.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Rice arginase, urease and three urease accessory proteins were identified and cloned.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Gene
- rice arginase, urease, and the urease accessory proteins D (UreD), F (UreF), and G (UreG)e0
- Outcome
- Coding sequencese0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Coding sequences for rice arginase, urease, and the urease accessory proteins D (UreD), F (UreF), and G (UreG) involved in urease activation were identified and cloned.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice urease and accessory proteins functioned in mutant complementation and transient coexpression.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Gene
- urease and the urease accessory proteinse0
- Outcome
- functionality of urease and the urease accessory proteinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The functionality of urease and the urease accessory proteins was demonstrated by complementing corresponding Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants and by multiple transient coexpression of the rice proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana.”
Claim · model-written summary
Models suggested functional conservation of rice UreD and UreF, especially UreF.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Gene
- UreD and UreF proteinse0
- Outcome
- possible functional conservatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Secondary structure models of rice (plant) UreD and UreF proteins revealed a possible functional conservation to bacterial orthologs, especially for UreF.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice UreD interacted with urease.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Gene
- rice UreD and ureasee0
- Outcome
- interaction between rice UreD and ureasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an interaction between rice UreD and urease could be shown.”
Claim · model-written summary
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic urease activation complexes appeared conserved.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- UreF and UreDe0
- Outcome
- urease activation complexes seem conservede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prokaryotic and eukaryotic urease activation complexes seem conserved despite limited protein sequence conservation for UreF and UreD.”
t0“Rice Urea and Arginine Catabolism”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice arginase had the reported kinetic parameters.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Gene
- Rice arginasee0
- Outcome
- biochemically characterizede0
- Value
- K(m) = 67 mm, k(cat) = 490 s(-1)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice arginase was transiently expressed as a carboxyl-terminally StrepII-tagged fusion protein in N. benthamiana, purified, and biochemically characterized (K(m) = 67 mm, k(cat) = 490 s(-1)).”
Claim · model-written summary
Arginase activity depended on manganese.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Compound
- manganesee0
- Outcome
- activitye0
- Value
- K(d) = 1.3 microme0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activity depended on the presence of manganese (K(d) = 1.3 microm).”
t0“Rice Urea and Arginine Catabolism”
Claim · model-written summary
External nitrogen source did not influence urease and arginase activities.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- external N sourcee0
- Outcome
- urease and arginase activitiese0
- Direction
- not influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“urease and arginase activities were not influenced by the external N source”
t0“Rice Urea and Arginine Catabolism”
Claim · model-written summary
Sole urea nutrition accumulated asparagine and glutamine in roots.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- sole urea nutritione0
- Outcome
- accumulation of asparagine and glutaminee0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sole urea nutrition imbalanced the plant amino acid profile, leading to the accumulation of asparagine and glutamine in the roots.”
t0“Rice Urea and Arginine Catabolism”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced performance under urea nutrition may partly result from imbalanced nitrogen distribution.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- urea as N sourcee0
- Outcome
- reduced plant performancee0
- Qualifier
- imbalance of N distributione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced plant performance with urea as N source is not a direct result of insufficient urea metabolism but may in part be caused by an imbalance of N distribution.”
t0“Rice Urea and Arginine Catabolism”
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