Abstract
Four major chemical classes of insecticides are currently used for insect control on cotton. Some of these chemicals are reported to have secondary effects on the cotton plant, which influence development and yield. Representative insecticides from the four chemical classes were evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions for secondary effects on leaf gas-exchange rates and developmental alteration of cotton plants. Insecticide applications were initiated during early phases of floral bud development and at 10-d intervals thereafter for a total of five applications. Physiological measurements made 24 and 48 h after each application indicated that insecticide treatment had no effect on CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 concentration. Insecticide treatments influenced growth and development of the plant, although differences were not always significant. Trends existed for flucythrinate to increase total plant size and dry weight, whereas chlordimeform increased reproductive growth while decreasing vegetative growth. Malathion significantly increased boll numbers per plant. Final lint yield was not significantly altered by any insecticide treatment, primarily because of the relatively short growing season existing on the Texas High Plains, which did not allow all fruit forms to complete development.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticide treatment had no effect on CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance or intercellular CO2 concentration of cotton plants under greenhouse and field conditions.
- Taxon
- Cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- insecticide treatmente1
- Outcome
- CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 concentratione1
- Direction
- had no effecte1
- Setting
- greenhouse and field conditionse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Physiological measurements made 24 and 48 h after each application indicated that insecticide treatment had no effect on CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 concentration”
e2“Representative insecticides from the four chemical classes were evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions for secondary effects on leaf gas-exchange rates and developmental alteration of cotton plants”
t0“Cotton Development and Yield as Affected by Insecticides”
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticide treatments influenced growth and development of cotton plants, though differences were not always significant.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Insecticide treatmentse1
- Outcome
- growth and development of the plante1
- Qualifier
- differences were not always significante1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Insecticide treatments influenced growth and development of the plant, although differences were not always significant”
t0“Cotton Development and Yield as Affected by Insecticides”
Claim · model-written summary
Flucythrinate showed trends toward increased total plant size and dry weight of cotton.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- flucythrinatee1
- Outcome
- total plant size and dry weighte1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Qualifier
- Trends existede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Trends existed for flucythrinate to increase total plant size and dry weight, whereas chlordimeform increased reproductive growth while decreasing vegetative growth”
t0“Cotton Development and Yield as Affected by Insecticides”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlordimeform increased reproductive growth of cotton.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- chlordimeforme1
- Outcome
- reproductive growthe1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Trends existed for flucythrinate to increase total plant size and dry weight, whereas chlordimeform increased reproductive growth while decreasing vegetative growth”
t0“Cotton Development and Yield as Affected by Insecticides”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlordimeform decreased vegetative growth of cotton.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- chlordimeforme1
- Outcome
- vegetative growthe1
- Direction
- decreasinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Trends existed for flucythrinate to increase total plant size and dry weight, whereas chlordimeform increased reproductive growth while decreasing vegetative growth”
t0“Cotton Development and Yield as Affected by Insecticides”
Claim · model-written summary
Malathion significantly increased boll numbers per cotton plant.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Malathione1
- Outcome
- boll numbers per plante1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Malathion significantly increased boll numbers per plant”
t0“Cotton Development and Yield as Affected by Insecticides”
Claim · model-written summary
Final lint yield of cotton was not significantly altered by any insecticide treatment on the Texas High Plains.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- any insecticide treatmente1
- Outcome
- Final lint yielde1
- Direction
- not significantly alterede1
- Qualifier
- relatively short growing seasone1
- Setting
- Texas High Plainse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Final lint yield was not significantly altered by any insecticide treatment, primarily because of the relatively short growing season existing on the Texas High Plains, which did not allow all fruit forms to complete development”
t0“Cotton Development and Yield as Affected by Insecticides”
The same questions in other papers
insecticide · quality: grain · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results differ
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →insecticide · physiology: photosynthesis · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.