Paper · 2011 · Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science

Analyzing the efficiency of soil amendments and irrigation for plant production on heterogeneous sandy soils under greenhouse conditions

Kirandeep K. Mann; Arnold W. Schumann; Thomas A. Obreza; et al.

6
claims
7
verbatim quotes
11
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Abstract Variability in soil properties is a complication for fertilization, irrigation, and amendment application. However, only limited progress has been made in managing soil variability for uniform productivity and increased water‐use efficiency. This study was designed to ameliorate the poor‐productivity areas of the variable sandy soils in Florida citrus groves by using frequent small irrigations and applying organic and inorganic soil amendments. Two greenhouse experiments were set up with sorghum and radish as bioassay crops in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The factors studied were two soil‐productivity classes (very poor and very good), two water contents (50% and 100% of field capacity), two amendments (phosphatic clay and Fe humate), and two amendment rates (10 and 25 g kg –1 for sorghum and 50 and 100 g kg –1 for radish). Amendments applied at 50 and 100 g kg –1 increased the water‐holding capacity (WHC) of poor soil by 2‐ to 6‐fold, respectively. The lower rates (10 and 25 g kg –1 ) of amendments were not effective in enhancing sorghum growth. The higher rates (50 and 100 g kg –1 ) doubled the radish growth as compared to the control. The results indicate that rates greater than 50 g kg –1 of both amendments were effective in improving water retention and increasing productivity. Irrigation treatment of 100% of field capacity (FC) increased the sorghum and radish growth by about 2‐fold as compared with the 50%–water content treatment. The results suggest that the root‐zone water content should be maintained near FC by frequent small irrigations to enhance water availability in excessively drained sandy soils. In addition, application of soil amendments in the root zone can enhance the water retention of these soils. Furthermore, managing variable sandy soils with WHC‐based irrigation can increase water uptake and crop production in the poor areas of the grove.

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Claims 6

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Amendments at 50 and 100 g/kg increased the water-holding capacity of poor sandy soil by 2 to 6-fold.

Treatment
Amendments applied at 50 and 100 g kg –1e1
Outcome
water‐holding capacity (WHC)e1
Direction
increasede1
Value
2‐ to 6‐folde1
Comparator
poor soile1

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e1

“Amendments applied at 50 and 100 g kg –1 increased the water‐holding capacity (WHC) of poor soil by 2‐ to 6‐fold, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 859–985 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The lower amendment rates of 10 and 25 g/kg were not effective in enhancing sorghum growth.

Taxon
sorghumSorghume2
Treatment
lower ratese2
Outcome
sorghum growthe2
Direction
not effectivee2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum
Sorghum · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Evelyn Simak · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e2

“The lower rates (10 and 25 g kg –1 ) of amendments were not effective in enhancing sorghum growth”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 987–1084 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The higher amendment rates of 50 and 100 g/kg doubled radish growth compared with the control.

Treatment
higher ratese3
Outcome
radish growthe3
Direction
doublede3
Comparator
controle3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Raphanus sativus
Raphanus sativus · TaxonSelf, en:User:Jengod · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e3

“The higher rates (50 and 100 g kg –1 ) doubled the radish growth as compared to the control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1086–1177 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Amendment rates greater than 50 g/kg were effective in improving water retention and increasing productivity of sorghum and radish.

Taxon
sorghum and radishRaphanus sativusSorghume7
Treatment
rates greater than 50 g kg –1 of both amendmentse4
Outcome
productivitye4
Direction
increasinge4
Qualifier
improving water retentione4

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Raphanus sativus
Raphanus sativus · TaxonSelf, en:User:Jengod · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Sorghum
Sorghum · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Evelyn Simak · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e7

“Two greenhouse experiments were set up with sorghum and radish as bioassay crops”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 458–538 · show in text ↑
e4

“The results indicate that rates greater than 50 g kg –1 of both amendments were effective in improving water retention and increasing productivity”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1179–1325 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A 100% field capacity irrigation increased sorghum and radish growth about 2-fold compared with 50% water content.

Taxon
sorghum and radishRaphanus sativusSorghume5
Treatment
Irrigation treatment of 100% of field capacity (FC)e5
Outcome
sorghum and radish growthe5
Direction
increasede5
Value
about 2‐folde5
Comparator
50%–water content treatmente5

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Raphanus sativus
Raphanus sativus · TaxonSelf, en:User:Jengod · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Sorghum
Sorghum · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Evelyn Simak · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e5

“Irrigation treatment of 100% of field capacity (FC) increased the sorghum and radish growth by about 2‐fold as compared with the 50%–water content treatment”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1327–1483 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The root-zone water content should be maintained near field capacity by frequent small irrigations.

Outcome
maintained near FCe6
Qualifier
by frequent small irrigationse6

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e6

“The results suggest that the root‐zone water content should be maintained near FC by frequent small irrigations”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1485–1596 · show in text ↑

irrigation · growth · Raphanus sativus (radish)Positive and negative results

6 papers: 4 positive, 2 negative or no effect

3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. no effect
  3. positive

2 papers more in this group

See all 6 papers →

other · yield · SorghumPositive and negative results

15 papers: 14 positive, 1 negative or no effect

13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. positive
  3. positive

11 papers more in this group

See all 15 papers →

irrigation · growth · SorghumPositive and negative results

51 papers: 31 positive, 20 negative or no effect

30 papers in the same direction as this paper · 20 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. no effect

47 papers more in this group

See all 51 papers →

other · yield · Raphanus sativus (radish)Results agree

10 papers: 10 positive, 0 negative or no effect

9 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

6 papers more in this group

See all 10 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.