Abstract
Abstract Recent studies propose the combination of electrical energy and plant production, in which often only radiation peaks were used for energy production. Then, the effect on plant growth is assumed to be negligible. However, photosynthesis is known to be a monotonically increasing function of radiation. We studied the response of tomato to constraining the intensity of solar radiation. Tomato crops in greenhouse compartments were shaded when the outside photosynthetic photon flux density ( PPFD ) exceeded 640 and 1280 μ mol m −2 s −1 , resulting in a 57 % and 34 % reduction in the PPFD integral over the growing period compared to the non‐shaded control. Constraining the intensity of solar radiation significantly reduced photosynthesis, growth and yield of tomato plants. Model‐derived estimates of reduction in crop dry matter increment were 50 % and 28 % for the strongly and moderately PPFD constrained crops. However, measured plant dry matter increment decreased only by 31 % and 19 %, respectively, that is, light use efficiency increased markedly. This indicates a strong adaptation of the plant's metabolism to cope with the limitation in light availability such as increasing the specific leaf area and reducing respiration. Surprisingly, this was only of little concern to the fruit quality, because no effect of constraining PPFD on the concentration of total dry matter, sugars and lycopene in the fruits could be observed. The concentration of titratable acids was significantly increased, however, when constraining PPFD , while ß ‐carotene was slightly decreased. When combining plant and energy production, yield reductions in systems that reduce the supply of solar radiation to crops only at high irradiances will be less considerable than in systems that permanently shade the crop. However, yield losses in tomato production remain significant in both system types.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Strong and moderate shading reduced the growing-period PPFD integral by 57% and 34%, respectively, relative to non-shaded crops.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- shadede0
- Outcome
- PPFD integrale0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 57 % and 34 %e0
- Comparator
- non‐shaded controle0
- Setting
- greenhouse compartmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomato crops in greenhouse compartments were shaded when the outside photosynthetic photon flux density ( PPFD ) exceeded 640 and 1280 μ mol m −2 s −1 , resulting in a 57 % and 34 % reduction in the PPFD integral over the growing period compared to the non‐shaded control”
Claim · model-written summary
Constraining solar radiation significantly reduced tomato photosynthesis, growth and yield.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Constraining the intensity of solar radiatione0
- Outcome
- photosynthesis, growth and yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Constraining the intensity of solar radiation significantly reduced photosynthesis, growth and yield of tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Model estimates put crop dry matter increment reductions at 50% and 28% under strong and moderate PPFD constraints.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- strongly and moderately PPFD constrained cropse0
- Outcome
- crop dry matter incremente0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 50 % and 28 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Model‐derived estimates of reduction in crop dry matter increment were 50 % and 28 % for the strongly and moderately PPFD constrained crops”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Measured plant dry matter increment decreased by 31% and 19% under strong and moderate PPFD constraints.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- plant dry matter incremente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 31 % and 19 %e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“measured plant dry matter increment decreased only by 31 % and 19 %, respectively”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Light use efficiency increased markedly under constrained radiation.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- light use efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“light use efficiency increased markedly”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Constraining PPFD had no observed effect on fruit total dry matter, sugars or lycopene concentrations.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- constraining PPFDe0
- Outcome
- concentration of total dry matter, sugars and lycopene in the fruitse0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no effect of constraining PPFD on the concentration of total dry matter, sugars and lycopene in the fruits could be observed”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Constraining PPFD significantly increased fruit titratable acid concentration.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- constraining PPFDe0
- Outcome
- concentration of titratable acidse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The concentration of titratable acids was significantly increased, however, when constraining PPFD”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Constraining PPFD slightly decreased fruit beta-carotene.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- ß ‐carotenee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ß ‐carotene was slightly decreased”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that systems reducing sunlight only at high irradiance have smaller yield reductions than permanent shading systems.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- reduce the supply of solar radiation to crops only at high irradiancese0
- Outcome
- yield reductionse0
- Comparator
- systems that permanently shade the crope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield reductions in systems that reduce the supply of solar radiation to crops only at high irradiances will be less considerable than in systems that permanently shade the crop”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that tomato yield losses remain significant under both combined plant and energy production system types.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- yield lossese0
- Qualifier
- both system typese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield losses in tomato production remain significant in both system types”
The same questions in other papers
light · quality: phytochemicals · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 47 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- positive
52 papers more in this group
See all 56 papers →shade · physiology: photosynthesis · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →light · physiology: photosynthesis · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
47 papers in the same direction as this paper · 65 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
109 papers more in this group
See all 113 papers →light · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
70 papers in the same direction as this paper · 155 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
222 papers more in this group
See all 226 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.