Abstract
Callus derived from cotyledons of 'Fuji' apple were cultured on 1/3 MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of BA and NAA. The effects of BA, TDZ, and CPPU at 1.0 to 8.0 mg•liter-1 on shoot regeneration from calli and NAA on subcultured calli were investigated.1. Cotyledons produced callus profusely when cultured on a medium supplemented with 0 to 4.0 mg•liter-1 BA and 0.5 to 10.0 mg•liter-1 NAA. Callus formation occurred only at the proximal part of the cotyledon exposed to 0 or 0.1 mg•liter-1 NAA. However, calli formed from the distal and middle regions at 0.5 mg•liter-1NAA or higher.2. Callus morphology was dependent on concentrations of NAA and BA. With NAA alone, soft calli were produced, whereas at 0.5 to 4.0 mg•liter-1 BA and at combinations of 0 to 0.1 mg•liter-1 NAA and 0.5 to 8.0 mg•liter-1 BA hairy calli were induced. Combinations of 10.0 mg•liter-1 NAA and 2.0 to 10.0 mg•liter -1 BA gave rise to globular calli.3. When globular calli were cultured on the medium with 4.0 mg•liter-1 CPPU and 0 NAA and then subcultured onto a fresh medium at 2-week interval for 6 weeks, 60% of the callus explants regenerated shoots; about 12 shoots per callus were obtained 12 weeks after beginning the experiment. TDZ also produced a positive effect on shoot regeneraiton from callus, but the percentage of explants forming shoots and the number of shoots formed were less than those treated with CPPU. The effect of BA on shoot formation from callus was comparatively weak. The addition of 0.1 mg•liter-1 NAA to CPPU greatly reduced the number of shoots regenerated.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
BA and NAA supported profuse callus formation from Fuji apple cotyledons.
- Taxon
- Apple
Malus domesticat0 - Material
- 'Fuji'e1
- Organ / stage
- Cotyledonse0
- Treatment
- 0 to 4.0 mg•liter-1 BA and 0.5 to 10.0 mg•liter-1 NAAe0
- Outcome
- calluse0
- Direction
- profuselye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple”
e0“Cotyledons produced callus profusely when cultured on a medium supplemented with 0 to 4.0 mg•liter-1 BA and 0.5 to 10.0 mg•liter-1 NAA”
e1“'Fuji' apple”
Claim · model-written summary
At 0 or 0.1 mg per liter NAA, callus formed only proximally.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- proximal part of the cotyledone0
- Treatment
- 0 or 0.1 mg•liter-1 NAAe0
- Outcome
- Callus formatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple”
e0“Callus formation occurred only at the proximal part of the cotyledon exposed to 0 or 0.1 mg•liter-1 NAA”
Claim · model-written summary
At 0.5 mg per liter NAA or higher, calli formed distally and medially.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 0.5 mg•liter-1NAA or highere0
- Outcome
- calli formed from the distal and middle regionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple”
e0“calli formed from the distal and middle regions at 0.5 mg•liter-1NAA or higher”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA alone produced soft calli.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- NAA alonee0
- Outcome
- soft callie0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple”
e0“With NAA alone, soft calli were produced”
Claim · model-written summary
BA at the stated concentrations induced hairy calli.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 0.5 to 4.0 mg•liter-1 BAe0
- Outcome
- hairy callie0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple”
e0“at 0.5 to 4.0 mg•liter-1 BA and at combinations of 0 to 0.1 mg•liter-1 NAA and 0.5 to 8.0 mg•liter-1 BA hairy calli were induced”
Claim · model-written summary
Low NAA combined with BA induced hairy calli.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 0 to 0.1 mg•liter-1 NAA and 0.5 to 8.0 mg•liter-1 BAe0
- Outcome
- hairy callie0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple”
e0“combinations of 0 to 0.1 mg•liter-1 NAA and 0.5 to 8.0 mg•liter-1 BA hairy calli were induced”
Claim · model-written summary
High NAA combined with BA yielded globular calli.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 10.0 mg•liter-1 NAA and 2.0 to 10.0 mg•liter -1 BAe0
- Outcome
- globular callie0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple”
e0“Combinations of 10.0 mg•liter-1 NAA and 2.0 to 10.0 mg•liter -1 BA gave rise to globular calli”
Claim · model-written summary
CPPU treatment regenerated shoots in 60% of globular callus explants.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 4.0 mg•liter-1 CPPU and 0 NAAe0
- Outcome
- callus explants regenerated shootse0
- Value
- 60%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple”
e0“When globular calli were cultured on the medium with 4.0 mg•liter-1 CPPU and 0 NAA and then subcultured onto a fresh medium at 2-week interval for 6 weeks, 60% of the callus explants regenerated shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
CPPU treatment yielded about 12 shoots per callus after 12 weeks.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- CPPUe1
- Outcome
- shoots per calluse0
- Value
- about 12 shoots per calluse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple”
e0“about 12 shoots per callus were obtained 12 weeks after beginning the experiment”
e1“4.0 mg•liter-1 CPPU”
Claim · model-written summary
TDZ increased shoot regeneration, though less than CPPU.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- TDZe0
- Outcome
- percentage of explants forming shoots and the number of shoots formede0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- CPPUe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple”
e0“TDZ also produced a positive effect on shoot regeneraiton from callus, but the percentage of explants forming shoots and the number of shoots formed were less than those treated with CPPU”
Claim · model-written summary
BA had a comparatively weak effect on callus shoot formation.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- BAe0
- Outcome
- shoot formation from calluse0
- Direction
- comparatively weake0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple”
e0“The effect of BA on shoot formation from callus was comparatively weak”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding NAA to CPPU greatly reduced the regenerated shoot number.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 0.1 mg•liter-1 NAA to CPPUe0
- Outcome
- number of shoots regeneratede0
- Direction
- greatly reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple”
e0“The addition of 0.1 mg•liter-1 NAA to CPPU greatly reduced the number of shoots regenerated”
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