Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is the precursor of the phytochelatins (PC), which in plants and fungi are involved in heavy metal sequestration. The regulatory enzyme gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-ECS) catalyzes the first step in GSH biosynthesis. For the heavy metal accumulator Brassica juncea L. a partial gamma-ECS cDNA was cloned by RT-PCR. Treatment of suspension-cultured dark grown seedlings with micromolar concentrations of CuSO4 resulted in a strong increase of gamma-ECS mRNA in roots and shoots, concomitant with an increase of GSH and phytochelatins. A significant up-regulation of gamma-ECS mRNA was observed at 25 microM CuSO4 (shoot growth: -11%), whereas maximum up-regulation was obtained at 100 microM CuSO4 (shoot growth: -60%). Unexpectedly, metallothionein 2 (MT2) mRNA was decreased in response to the CuSO4 treatments. CdSO4 at a concentration of 50 microM caused a 72% reduction in shoot growth without affecting the amounts of gamma-ECS- and MT2 mRNAs. ZnSO4 at a concentration of 500 microM did not reduce growth but induced transient increases of gamma-ECS- and MT2 mRNAs. The implications of the results with respect to differential regulation of gamma-ECS and MT2 during heavy metal exposure are discussed.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Micromolar CuSO4 strongly increased gamma-ECS mRNA in roots and shoots of dark-grown seedlings.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea
Brassica junceat0 - Organ / stage
- roots and shootse0
- Treatment
- micromolar concentrations of CuSO4e0
- Gene
- gamma-ECSe0
- Outcome
- gamma-ECS mRNAe0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea”
e0“Treatment of suspension-cultured dark grown seedlings with micromolar concentrations of CuSO4 resulted in a strong increase of gamma-ECS mRNA in roots and shoots, concomitant with an increase of GSH and phytochelatins”
Claim · model-written summary
Micromolar CuSO4 increased GSH and phytochelatins in the seedlings.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- micromolar concentrations of CuSO4e0
- Outcome
- GSH and phytochelatinse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea”
e0“Treatment of suspension-cultured dark grown seedlings with micromolar concentrations of CuSO4 resulted in a strong increase of gamma-ECS mRNA in roots and shoots, concomitant with an increase of GSH and phytochelatins”
Claim · model-written summary
25 microM CuSO4 significantly up-regulated gamma-ECS mRNA.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- 25 microM CuSO4e1
- Gene
- gamma-ECSe1
- Outcome
- gamma-ECS mRNAe1
- Direction
- up-regulatione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea”
e1“A significant up-regulation of gamma-ECS mRNA was observed at 25 microM CuSO4 (shoot growth: -11%)”
Claim · model-written summary
100 microM CuSO4 gave the maximum up-regulation of gamma-ECS mRNA.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- 100 microM CuSO4e2
- Gene
- gamma-ECSe1
- Outcome
- gamma-ECS mRNAe1
- Direction
- maximum up-regulatione2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea”
e1“A significant up-regulation of gamma-ECS mRNA was observed at 25 microM CuSO4 (shoot growth: -11%)”
e2“whereas maximum up-regulation was obtained at 100 microM CuSO4 (shoot growth: -60%)”
Claim · model-written summary
25 microM CuSO4 reduced shoot growth by 11%.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- 25 microM CuSO4e1
- Outcome
- shoot growthe1
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede1
- Value
- -11%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea”
e1“A significant up-regulation of gamma-ECS mRNA was observed at 25 microM CuSO4 (shoot growth: -11%)”
Claim · model-written summary
100 microM CuSO4 reduced shoot growth by 60%.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- 100 microM CuSO4e2
- Outcome
- shoot growthe2
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede2
- Value
- -60%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea”
e2“whereas maximum up-regulation was obtained at 100 microM CuSO4 (shoot growth: -60%)”
Claim · model-written summary
CuSO4 treatments decreased metallothionein 2 (MT2) mRNA.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- CuSO4 treatmentse3
- Gene
- metallothionein 2 (MT2)e3
- Outcome
- mRNAe3
- Direction
- decreasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea”
e3“Unexpectedly, metallothionein 2 (MT2) mRNA was decreased in response to the CuSO4 treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
CdSO4 at 50 microM caused a 72% reduction in shoot growth.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- CdSO4 at a concentration of 50 microMe4
- Outcome
- shoot growthe4
- Direction
- reductione4
- Value
- 72%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea”
e4“CdSO4 at a concentration of 50 microM caused a 72% reduction in shoot growth without affecting the amounts of gamma-ECS- and MT2 mRNAs”
Claim · model-written summary
CdSO4 at 50 microM did not change the amounts of gamma-ECS and MT2 mRNAs.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- CdSO4 at a concentration of 50 microMe4
- Gene
- gamma-ECS- and MT2e4
- Outcome
- amounts of gamma-ECS- and MT2 mRNAse4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea”
e4“CdSO4 at a concentration of 50 microM caused a 72% reduction in shoot growth without affecting the amounts of gamma-ECS- and MT2 mRNAs”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnSO4 at 500 microM did not reduce shoot growth.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- ZnSO4 at a concentration of 500 microMe5
- Outcome
- growthe5
- Direction
- did not reducee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea”
e5“ZnSO4 at a concentration of 500 microM did not reduce growth but induced transient increases of gamma-ECS- and MT2 mRNAs”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnSO4 at 500 microM induced transient increases of gamma-ECS and MT2 mRNAs.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- ZnSO4 at a concentration of 500 microMe5
- Gene
- gamma-ECS- and MT2e5
- Outcome
- gamma-ECS- and MT2 mRNAse5
- Direction
- transient increasese5
- Qualifier
- transiente5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea”
e5“ZnSO4 at a concentration of 500 microM did not reduce growth but induced transient increases of gamma-ECS- and MT2 mRNAs”
The same questions in other papers
zinc sulfate · growth · Brassica juncea (Indian mustard)Positive and negative results
4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.