Abstract
SUMMARY A study was made of growth and N concentrations of field-grown crops of spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Georgie or Triumph). Nitrogen concentrations were calculated on the basis of both dry matter and tissue water because previous research had indicated that K concentrations expressed on the basis of tissue water were better for assessing the K status of crops. The aim was to see whether this was also the case for N. When supplies of P and K were adequate, the addition of N fertilizer stimulated growth in all crops except when sufficient N was already supplied as farmyard manure. Percentage N in dry matter declined as plants grew and was higher in plants given N than in plants grown without N, although the difference diminished with time. Nitrogen concentrations calculated on the basis of tissue water were very similar for both N-sufficient and N-deficient crops despite large differences in growth rates. Nitrogen concentrations in tissue water also declined but only until anthesis, thereafter they increased. This pre-anthesis decline was due to the increase in the amount of stem tissue which had lower N concentrations in tissue water than leaves. Similarly the post-anthesis increase in N concentrations was due to the development of the ears which had high concentrations of N in tissue water. The effects of deficiencies of P or K or water on N concentrations in tissue water of the cultivars Georgie or Julia were studied also in field experiments at Rothamsted. Lack of P and K inhibited growth of crops given 144 kg N/ha. Crops grown without N grew more slowly than those given N but their growth was not further inhibited by lack of P or K. Deficiencies of either P or K increased N concentrations calculated on the basis of tissue water in crops given 144 kg N/ha but not in crops grown without N. The increase in concentration was not due to changes in the proportions of leaves and stems but to real increases in N concentrations in leaves, stems and ears. Drought decreased growth and also resulted in higher N concentrations in tissue water. In the absence of other limiting factors, N concentrations expressed on the basis of tissue water were very similar for both N-sufficient and N-deficient crops. They increased only when growth was limited by factors other than N. The implications of this for the control of N concentrations by crops is discussed. It is concluded that N concentrations expressed on the basis of tissue water are unlikely to be useful for determining the N requirements of barley. Percentage N in dry matter might be more useful for this purpose.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer stimulated barley growth when phosphorus and potassium were adequate, except where manure already supplied sufficient nitrogen.
- Taxon
- spring barley
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Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- addition of N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Qualifier
- except when sufficient N was already supplied as farmyard manuree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“When supplies of P and K were adequate, the addition of N fertilizer stimulated growth in all crops except when sufficient N was already supplied as farmyard manure.”
t0“spring barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry-matter nitrogen percentage declined as barley plants grew.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- plantse0
- Outcome
- Percentage N in dry mattere0
- Direction
- declinede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Percentage N in dry matter declined as plants grew”
t0“spring barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry-matter nitrogen percentage was higher with nitrogen fertilizer than without it, with the difference diminishing over time.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- plants given Ne0
- Outcome
- Percentage N in dry mattere1
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- difference diminished with timee0
- Comparator
- plants grown without Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was higher in plants given N than in plants grown without N, although the difference diminished with time.”
e1“Percentage N in dry matter declined as plants grew”
t0“spring barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Tissue-water nitrogen concentrations were similar in nitrogen-sufficient and deficient barley despite different growth rates.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- Nitrogen concentrations calculated on the basis of tissue watere0
- Direction
- very similare0
- Comparator
- N-sufficient and N-deficient cropse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen concentrations calculated on the basis of tissue water were very similar for both N-sufficient and N-deficient crops despite large differences in growth rates.”
t0“spring barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Tissue-water nitrogen concentration declined until anthesis.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- anthesise0
- Outcome
- Nitrogen concentrations in tissue watere0
- Direction
- declinede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen concentrations in tissue water also declined but only until anthesis”
t0“spring barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Tissue-water nitrogen concentration increased after anthesis.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- N concentrations in tissue watere1
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thereafter they increased.”
e1“N concentrations in tissue water also declined but only until anthesis”
t0“spring barley”
Claim · model-written summary
The pre-anthesis decline was attributed to more low-nitrogen stem tissue.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- stem tissuee0
- Outcome
- pre-anthesis declinee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This pre-anthesis decline was due to the increase in the amount of stem tissue which had lower N concentrations in tissue water than leaves.”
t0“spring barley”
Claim · model-written summary
The post-anthesis increase was attributed to developing ears with high tissue-water nitrogen concentration.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- earse0
- Outcome
- post-anthesis increase in N concentrationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the post-anthesis increase in N concentrations was due to the development of the ears which had high concentrations of N in tissue water.”
t0“spring barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus deficiency inhibited growth in barley given 144 kg N/ha.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Lack of Pe0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- 144 kg N/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lack of P and K inhibited growth of crops given 144 kg N/ha.”
t0“spring barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium deficiency inhibited growth in barley given 144 kg N/ha.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Ke0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- 144 kg N/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lack of P and K inhibited growth of crops given 144 kg N/ha.”
t0“spring barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Without nitrogen, barley grew more slowly than nitrogen-fertilized barley.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- without Ne0
- Outcome
- grewe0
- Direction
- more slowlye0
- Comparator
- those given Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crops grown without N grew more slowly than those given N”
t0“spring barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Without nitrogen, phosphorus deficiency did not further inhibit barley growth.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- lack of Pe0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- not further inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“their growth was not further inhibited by lack of P or K.”
t0“spring barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Without nitrogen, potassium deficiency did not further inhibit barley growth.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Ke0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- not further inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“their growth was not further inhibited by lack of P or K.”
t0“spring barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus or potassium deficiency raised tissue-water nitrogen concentration in nitrogen-fertilized barley, but not unfertilized barley.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- N concentrations calculated on the basis of tissue watere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- crops given 144 kg N/ha but not in crops grown without Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deficiencies of either P or K increased N concentrations calculated on the basis of tissue water in crops given 144 kg N/ha but not in crops grown without N.”
t0“spring barley”
Claim · model-written summary
The deficiency-related increase reflected higher nitrogen concentrations in leaves, stems and ears, rather than changed tissue proportions.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- leaves, stems and earse0
- Outcome
- increase in concentratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase in concentration was not due to changes in the proportions of leaves and stems but to real increases in N concentrations in leaves, stems and ears.”
t0“spring barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced barley growth.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Droughte0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought decreased growth”
t0“spring barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought raised tissue-water nitrogen concentration in barley.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Droughte0
- Outcome
- N concentrations in tissue watere0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought decreased growth and also resulted in higher N concentrations in tissue water.”
t0“spring barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Tissue-water nitrogen concentration increased only when non-nitrogen factors limited growth.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- N concentrations expressed on the basis of tissue watere1
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- growth was limited by factors other than Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“They increased only when growth was limited by factors other than N.”
e1“N concentrations expressed on the basis of tissue water were very similar for both N-sufficient and N-deficient crops.”
t0“spring barley”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that tissue-water nitrogen concentration is unlikely to determine barley nitrogen requirements.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Outcome
- unlikely to be useful for determining the N requirementse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N concentrations expressed on the basis of tissue water are unlikely to be useful for determining the N requirements of barley.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest dry-matter nitrogen percentage may be more useful for assessing barley nitrogen requirements.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- Percentage N in dry matter might be more useful for this purposee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Percentage N in dry matter might be more useful for this purpose.”
t0“spring barley”
The same questions in other papers
potassium · growth · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
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This paper is about lacking the nutrient, so it counts the other way round here.
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
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See all 16 papers →drought · growth · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
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See all 105 papers →fertilization · growth · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
137 papers in the same direction as this paper · 25 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
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See all 165 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.