Abstract
The boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis Boh.) and cotton fleahopper (Psallus seriatus (Reut.)) showed increased tolerance to several of the chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides in central Texas in 1958.Topical-application studies on weevils reared from squares collected from one field in July indicated increased tolerance to toxaphene and a high tolerance to dieldrin. In field experiments much better control was obtained with Sevin® (1- naphthyl N-methyl carbamate) and such organic-phosphorus compounds as Guthion® (D,D-dimethyl S-(4-oxo-3H-1,2,3- benzotriazine-3-methyl) phosphorodithioate) and malathion than with toxaphene and dieldrin. Dosages of toxaphene, dieldrin, and heptachlor two and three times those effective in previous years failed to control the cotton fleahopper. Sevin, Guthion, malathion, toxaphene plus DDT, dieldrin plus DDT, and DDT alone were effective, but DDT has not been used against the cotton fleahopper for 10 years in the area.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Boll weevil and cotton fleahopper showed increased tolerance to several chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides in central Texas in 1958
- Taxon
- Cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Interactor
- boll weevil
Anthonomus grandise1pest - Second interactor
- cotton fleahopper
Pseudatomoscelis seriatuse1pest - Outcome
- tolerance to several of the chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticidese1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Setting
- central Texase1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton Fleahopper”
e1“The boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis Boh.) and cotton fleahopper (Psallus seriatus (Reut.)) showed increased tolerance to several of the chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides in central Texas in 1958”
Claim · model-written summary
Weevils from squares showed increased tolerance to toxaphene in topical application tests
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- weevilsCurculionidaee2pest
- Outcome
- tolerance to toxaphenee2
- Direction
- increasede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton Fleahopper”
e2“Topical-application studies on weevils reared from squares collected from one field in July indicated increased tolerance to toxaphene and a high tolerance to dieldrin”
Claim · model-written summary
Weevils from squares showed a high tolerance to dieldrin in topical application tests
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- weevilsCurculionidaee2pest
- Outcome
- high tolerance to dieldrine2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton Fleahopper”
e2“Topical-application studies on weevils reared from squares collected from one field in July indicated increased tolerance to toxaphene and a high tolerance to dieldrin”
Claim · model-written summary
Sevin gave much better control than toxaphene and dieldrin in field experiments
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Sevine3
- Outcome
- controle3
- Direction
- much bettere3
- Comparator
- toxaphene and dieldrine3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton Fleahopper”
e3“In field experiments much better control was obtained with Sevin® (1- naphthyl N-methyl carbamate) and such organic-phosphorus compounds as Guthion® (D,D-dimethyl S-(4-oxo-3H-1,2,3- benzotriazine-3-methyl) phosphorodithioate) and malathion than with toxaphene and dieldrin”
Claim · model-written summary
Guthion gave much better control than toxaphene and dieldrin in field experiments
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Guthione3
- Outcome
- controle3
- Direction
- much bettere3
- Comparator
- toxaphene and dieldrine3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton Fleahopper”
e3“In field experiments much better control was obtained with Sevin® (1- naphthyl N-methyl carbamate) and such organic-phosphorus compounds as Guthion® (D,D-dimethyl S-(4-oxo-3H-1,2,3- benzotriazine-3-methyl) phosphorodithioate) and malathion than with toxaphene and dieldrin”
Claim · model-written summary
Malathion gave much better control than toxaphene and dieldrin in field experiments
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- malathione3
- Outcome
- controle3
- Direction
- much bettere3
- Comparator
- toxaphene and dieldrine3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton Fleahopper”
e3“In field experiments much better control was obtained with Sevin® (1- naphthyl N-methyl carbamate) and such organic-phosphorus compounds as Guthion® (D,D-dimethyl S-(4-oxo-3H-1,2,3- benzotriazine-3-methyl) phosphorodithioate) and malathion than with toxaphene and dieldrin”
Claim · model-written summary
Toxaphene, dieldrin and heptachlor at two to three times earlier effective doses failed to control the cotton fleahopper
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Dosages of toxaphene, dieldrin, and heptachlor two and three times those effective in previous yearse4
- Interactor
- cotton fleahopperPseudatomoscelis seriatuse4pest
- Outcome
- control the cotton fleahoppere4
- Direction
- failede4
- Comparator
- those effective in previous yearse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton Fleahopper”
e4“Dosages of toxaphene, dieldrin, and heptachlor two and three times those effective in previous years failed to control the cotton fleahopper”
Claim · model-written summary
Sevin, Guthion, malathion and several combinations with DDT were effective against the pests
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- were effectivee5
- Qualifier
- Sevin, Guthion, malathion, toxaphene plus DDT, dieldrin plus DDT, and DDT alonee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton Fleahopper”
e5“Sevin, Guthion, malathion, toxaphene plus DDT, dieldrin plus DDT, and DDT alone were effective, but DDT has not been used against the cotton fleahopper for 10 years in the area”
The same questions in other papers
toxaphene · Pseudatomoscelis seriatus · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
azinphos-methyl · control · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- positive
carbaryl · control · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →malathion · control · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.