Abstract
This experiment studied the contribution of plant enzymes and microbial activity on lipolysis and proteolysis in ensiled alfalfa. Before ensiling, the wilted alfalfa was treated with plant enzyme inactivation by autoclaving or with sterilization by γ-ray irradiation. The treated alfalfa was then inoculated with commercial lactic acid bacteria inoculants and ensiled for 40 d. Alfalfa without treatment was ensiled as the control. The content of total fatty acid (FA) after ensiling decreased 43% in the control silage and 28% in the γ-ray-treated silage, but did not change in the autoclave-treated silage. Among the major FA (C16:0, C18:2n-6, C18:3n-3), a considerable increase was observed in proportion of C16:0 in the control silage as compared with fresh alfalfa; conversely, decreases in proportions of C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 occurred during ensilage. Silage treated with γ-ray radiation at ensiling had a smaller proportion of C16:0 and greater proportions of C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 than control silage. Autoclave treatment further decreased proportions of C16:0 and most of the other FA, and increased C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 proportions in comparison with γ-ray treatment. Proportions of C16:0, C18:2n-6, C18:3n-3 and other detected FA (except for the proportion of C15:0) did not differ between fresh forage and autoclave-treated silage. Remarkably, smaller nonprotein nitrogen content was observed in the autoclave-treated silage compared with the γ ray-treated silage or the control silage. These results indicated that an extensive lipolysis occurred during ensiling of alfalfa, and plant enzymes played a major role in lipolysis and proteolysis.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Total fatty acid content decreased 43% after ensiling in the control silage.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativat0 - Treatment
- ensilinge0
- Outcome
- content of total fatty acid (FA)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 43%e0
- Qualifier
- in the control silagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The content of total fatty acid (FA) after ensiling decreased 43% in the control silage and 28% in the γ-ray-treated silage, but did not change in the autoclave-treated silage”
t0“alfalfa silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Gamma-ray sterilization of wilted alfalfa before ensiling decreased total fatty acid content by 28%.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- sterilization by γ-ray irradiatione0
- Outcome
- content of total fatty acid (FA)e1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 28%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Before ensiling, the wilted alfalfa was treated with plant enzyme inactivation by autoclaving or with sterilization by γ-ray irradiation”
e1“The content of total fatty acid (FA) after ensiling decreased 43% in the control silage and 28% in the γ-ray-treated silage, but did not change in the autoclave-treated silage”
t0“alfalfa silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Autoclave treatment of wilted alfalfa before ensiling did not change total fatty acid content.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- plant enzyme inactivation by autoclavinge0
- Outcome
- content of total fatty acid (FA)e1
- Direction
- did not changee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Before ensiling, the wilted alfalfa was treated with plant enzyme inactivation by autoclaving or with sterilization by γ-ray irradiation”
e1“The content of total fatty acid (FA) after ensiling decreased 43% in the control silage and 28% in the γ-ray-treated silage, but did not change in the autoclave-treated silage”
t0“alfalfa silage”
Claim · model-written summary
The proportion of C16:0 increased in the control silage compared with fresh alfalfa.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- proportion of C16:0e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- fresh alfalfae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a considerable increase was observed in proportion of C16:0 in the control silage as compared with fresh alfalfa”
t0“alfalfa silage”
Claim · model-written summary
The proportions of C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 decreased during ensilage.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- ensilagee0
- Outcome
- proportions of C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3e0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreases in proportions of C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 occurred during ensilage”
t0“alfalfa silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Gamma-ray treatment at ensiling gave a smaller proportion of C16:0 than the control silage.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- γ-ray radiation at ensilinge0
- Outcome
- proportion of C16:0e0
- Direction
- smallere0
- Comparator
- control silagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silage treated with γ-ray radiation at ensiling had a smaller proportion of C16:0 and greater proportions of C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 than control silage”
t0“alfalfa silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Gamma-ray treatment at ensiling gave greater proportions of C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 than the control silage.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- γ-ray radiation at ensilinge0
- Outcome
- proportions of C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3e0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- control silagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silage treated with γ-ray radiation at ensiling had a smaller proportion of C16:0 and greater proportions of C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 than control silage”
t0“alfalfa silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Autoclave treatment decreased proportions of C16:0 and most other fatty acids compared with γ-ray treatment.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Autoclave treatmente0
- Outcome
- proportions of C16:0 and most of the other FAe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- γ-ray treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Autoclave treatment further decreased proportions of C16:0 and most of the other FA, and increased C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 proportions in comparison with γ-ray treatment”
t0“alfalfa silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Autoclave treatment increased proportions of C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 compared with γ-ray treatment.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Autoclave treatmente0
- Outcome
- C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 proportionse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- γ-ray treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Autoclave treatment further decreased proportions of C16:0 and most of the other FA, and increased C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 proportions in comparison with γ-ray treatment”
t0“alfalfa silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Proportions of the major fatty acids did not differ between fresh forage and autoclave-treated silage.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- autoclave-treated silagee0
- Outcome
- Proportions of C16:0, C18:2n-6, C18:3n-3 and other detected FAe0
- Direction
- did not differe0
- Comparator
- fresh foragee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Proportions of C16:0, C18:2n-6, C18:3n-3 and other detected FA (except for the proportion of C15:0) did not differ between fresh forage and autoclave-treated silage”
t0“alfalfa silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Nonprotein nitrogen content was smaller in autoclave-treated silage than in γ-ray-treated or control silage.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- autoclave-treated silagee0
- Outcome
- nonprotein nitrogen contente0
- Direction
- smallere0
- Comparator
- γ ray-treated silage or the control silagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Remarkably, smaller nonprotein nitrogen content was observed in the autoclave-treated silage compared with the γ ray-treated silage or the control silage”
t0“alfalfa silage”
Claim · model-written summary
An extensive lipolysis occurred during ensiling of alfalfa.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- ensilinge0
- Outcome
- lipolysise0
- Qualifier
- extensivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results indicated that an extensive lipolysis occurred during ensiling of alfalfa”
t0“alfalfa silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant enzymes play a major role in lipolysis and proteolysis in ensiled alfalfa.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- lipolysis and proteolysise0
- Qualifier
- plant enzymese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant enzymes played a major role in lipolysis and proteolysis”
t0“alfalfa silage”
The same questions in other papers
processing · quality: oil · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.