Abstract
Many fungi of the genus Cercospora produce a light-induced, photoactivated polyketide toxin called cercosporin. In the presence of light an excited form (triplet state) of the toxin molecule is produced which, depending on the reducing potential of the environment, reacts with molecular oxygen to produce singlet oxygen and/or superoxide radicals. In this paper a system is presented for analysis of antioxidant defense gene response using purified cercosporin under conditions demonstrated to favor superoxide formation. Under the assay conditions employed, changes in total catalase activity, as well as individual isozyme protein levels generally mirrored the changes observed in corresponding steady-state RNA levels in response to applied cercosporin. In contrast, while transcript accumulation for most maize superoxide dismutases increased dramatically, both total superoxide dismutase activity and individual isozyme protein levels remained constant in all toxin treatments. In one case, the analyses indicated that there are two distinct transcripts that hybridize with a gene-specific probe for Sod3. These two transcripts responded differentially to applied toxin (levels of the larger transcript increased while the smaller decreased), whereas corresponding steady-state levels for the SOD-3 isozyme proteins remained constant. This suggests that protein turnover might play a role in the response of these SODs to activated oxygen species.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Changes in total catalase activity and isozyme protein levels generally mirrored the changes in catalase RNA levels after applied cercosporin.
Zea maysNot reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Differential response of maize catalases and superoxide dismutases to the photoactivated fungal toxin cercosporin”
e0“changes in total catalase activity, as well as individual isozyme protein levels generally mirrored the changes observed in corresponding steady-state RNA levels in response to applied cercosporin”
Claim · model-written summary
Transcript accumulation for most maize superoxide dismutases increased dramatically after cercosporin.
- Treatment
- cercosporine0
- Gene
- superoxide dismutasese1
- Outcome
- transcript accumulation for most maize superoxide dismutasese1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Differential response of maize catalases and superoxide dismutases to the photoactivated fungal toxin cercosporin”
e0“changes in total catalase activity, as well as individual isozyme protein levels generally mirrored the changes observed in corresponding steady-state RNA levels in response to applied cercosporin”
e1“transcript accumulation for most maize superoxide dismutases increased dramatically”
Claim · model-written summary
Total superoxide dismutase activity and individual isozyme protein levels remained constant in all toxin treatments.
- Treatment
- toxin treatmentse2
- Outcome
- total superoxide dismutase activity and individual isozyme protein levelse2
- Direction
- remained constante2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Differential response of maize catalases and superoxide dismutases to the photoactivated fungal toxin cercosporin”
e2“both total superoxide dismutase activity and individual isozyme protein levels remained constant in all toxin treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The larger Sod3 transcript increased after applied toxin.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Differential response of maize catalases and superoxide dismutases to the photoactivated fungal toxin cercosporin”
e3“there are two distinct transcripts that hybridize with a gene-specific probe for Sod3”
e4“levels of the larger transcript increased while the smaller decreased”
e7“These two transcripts responded differentially to applied toxin”
Claim · model-written summary
The smaller Sod3 transcript decreased after applied toxin.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Differential response of maize catalases and superoxide dismutases to the photoactivated fungal toxin cercosporin”
e3“there are two distinct transcripts that hybridize with a gene-specific probe for Sod3”
e4“levels of the larger transcript increased while the smaller decreased”
e7“These two transcripts responded differentially to applied toxin”
Claim · model-written summary
SOD-3 isozyme protein levels remained constant after applied toxin.
- Treatment
- applied toxine7
- Gene
- SOD-3e5
- Outcome
- steady-state levels for the SOD-3 isozyme proteinse5
- Direction
- remained constante5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Differential response of maize catalases and superoxide dismutases to the photoactivated fungal toxin cercosporin”
e5“corresponding steady-state levels for the SOD-3 isozyme proteins remained constant”
e7“These two transcripts responded differentially to applied toxin”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein turnover may play a role in the response of maize SODs to activated oxygen species.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Differential response of maize catalases and superoxide dismutases to the photoactivated fungal toxin cercosporin”
e6“This suggests that protein turnover might play a role in the response of these SODs to activated oxygen species”
The same questions in other papers
pathogen product · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
pathogen product · molecular: expression · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.