Abstract
Abstract Current recommendations that soybean ( Glycine max L. Merr.) seeds be treated with fungicides if they are of poor quality or to be planted in cool, wet soils, are too vague for the grower to be sure when treatment is warranted in the upper Midwest. This paper evaluates the effects of fungicide treatments on seeds with different quality characteristics under more precisely‐defined soil conditions than in previously reported studies. Seedlots of ‘Cumberland’, ‘Wells’, and ‘Williams’ with inferior quality due to age, damage, small size, or infection by Phomopsis spp. were treated with captan { N (trichloromethyl)‐thio]‐4 cyclohexene‐1,2‐dicarboximide}, carboxin‐thiram (5,6‐dihydro‐2‐methyl‐1, 4 oxathiin‐3‐carboxanilide, 17%; tetramethylthiuram disulfide, 17%), metalaxyl N ‐(2,6‐dimethylphenyl)‐ N ‐(methoxyacetyl) alanine methyl ester) or untreated. These were tested for emergence and yield in the field on two soil types [a poorly drained Webster silty clay loam (fine‐loamy, mixed, mesic, Typic Haplaquolls), and a well drained Clarion loam (fine‐loamy, mixed, mesic, Typic Hapludolls)] at three different planting times in both 1980 and 1981. Captan and carboxin‐thiram seed treatments were equally effective in increasing emergence in the laboratory and field of soybean seedlots with more than 15% Phomopsis spp. infection, but metalaxyl did not. No seed treatment consistently improved field emergence of seeds with reduced quality because of mechanical damage, age, or size. There were no obvious differences in fungicide performance in relation to planting dates or soil types. Increased yield in response to fungicide seed treatment was detected only in the 50% Phomopsis ‐infected seedlot. We conclude that fungicide seed treatment cannot be justified on seeds of low quality for reasons other than disease under most of the soil conditions likely to occur in the upper Midwest. These results suggest that performance of seedlots with Phomopsis spp. infection exceeding 15% will be improved by fungicide seed treatment.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Captan increased laboratory and field emergence of soybean seedlots with more than 15% Phomopsis infection.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- Captane0
- Outcome
- emergencee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Qualifier
- more than 15% Phomopsis spp. infectione0
PhomopsisNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Captan and carboxin‐thiram seed treatments were equally effective in increasing emergence in the laboratory and field of soybean seedlots with more than 15% Phomopsis spp. infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Carboxin-thiram increased laboratory and field emergence of soybean seedlots with more than 15% Phomopsis infection.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- carboxin‐thirame0
- Outcome
- emergencee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Qualifier
- more than 15% Phomopsis spp. infectione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Captan and carboxin‐thiram seed treatments were equally effective in increasing emergence in the laboratory and field of soybean seedlots with more than 15% Phomopsis spp. infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Metalaxyl did not increase emergence of infected soybean seedlots.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- metalaxyle0
- Outcome
- emergencee1
- Direction
- did note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“of soybean seedlots with more than 15% Phomopsis spp. infection, but metalaxyl did not”
e1“Captan and carboxin‐thiram seed treatments were equally effective in increasing emergence in the laboratory and field of soybean seedlots with more than 15% Phomopsis spp. infection”
Claim · model-written summary
No seed treatment consistently improved field emergence of soybean seeds whose quality was reduced by mechanical damage, age or size.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- seed treatmente0
- Outcome
- field emergencee0
- Direction
- No seed treatment consistently improvede0
- Qualifier
- mechanical damage, age, or sizee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e0“No seed treatment consistently improved field emergence of seeds with reduced quality because of mechanical damage, age, or size”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide performance showed no obvious differences by planting date or soil type.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- fungicide performancee0
- Direction
- no obvious differencese0
- Setting
- soil typese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e0“There were no obvious differences in fungicide performance in relation to planting dates or soil types”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide seed treatment increased yield only for the 50% Phomopsis-infected soybean seedlot.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- fungicide seed treatmente0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- Increasede0
- Qualifier
- 50% Phomopsis ‐infected seedlote0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e0“Increased yield in response to fungicide seed treatment was detected only in the 50% Phomopsis ‐infected seedlot”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors advise against fungicide treatment of low-quality soybean seed when poor quality is unrelated to disease.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- fungicide seed treatment cannot be justifiede0
- Qualifier
- seeds of low quality for reasons other than diseasee0
- Setting
- upper Midweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e0“fungicide seed treatment cannot be justified on seeds of low quality for reasons other than disease under most of the soil conditions likely to occur in the upper Midwest”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest fungicide seed treatment for soybean seedlots with over 15% Phomopsis infection.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- will be improved by fungicide seed treatmente0
- Qualifier
- Phomopsis spp. infection exceeding 15%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e0“performance of seedlots with Phomopsis spp. infection exceeding 15% will be improved by fungicide seed treatment”
The same questions in other papers
seed treatment · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
29 papers in the same direction as this paper · 135 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- positive
161 papers more in this group
See all 165 papers →fungicide · Phomopsis · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.