Abstract
The effect of different types of sulphur on growth and chemical constituents of Iberis amara grown in Egypt were studied in two successive seasons under Egyptian environmental conditions at the NRC Experimental Farm Station, Al-Giza. The insecticidal activity of different extracts of I. amara was investigated on cabbage aphids. Potassium sulphate increased plant height comparing to both ammonium sulphate and sulphur with a record of 74cm. Ammonium sulphate at a rate of 476kg/ha recorded the highest number of suckers (48 suckers/plant). Sulphur at rate of 357kg/ha recorded highest number of branches (35 branches/plant). The highest fresh weight of herbs and flowers reached 340g and 278g when plants fertilized with 476kg/ha ammonium sulphate and 357kg/ha potassium sulphate, respectively. Ammonium sulphate at rate of 476kg/ha leads to the highest contents of carbohydrate and fixed oils which reached 13.95%, 13.62% and 14.0%, 12.85% in first and second seasons, respectively. The highest content of glucosinolates and phenolic compounds was recorded when I. amara plants were treated with 476kg/ha ammonium sulphate while cucurbitacins content reached the maximum by the treatment of 357kg/ha ammonium sulphate. Insecticidal activity of different extracts showed that the higher concentration of ethanol extract induced the highest mortality for cabbage aphid as it induced 66.66% mortality after 96 hr followed by water extract after autolysis and chloroform extracts which induced 53.33% mortality at the high concentration. In contrast, hexane extract exerted the lowest effect on this insect.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium sulphate produced greater plant height than ammonium sulphate and sulphur, reaching 74cm.
- Taxon
- Iberis amara
Iberis amarat0 - Treatment
- Potassium sulphatee0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 74cme0
- Comparator
- both ammonium sulphate and sulphure0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potassium sulphate increased plant height comparing to both ammonium sulphate and sulphur with a record of 74cm.”
t0“Iberis amara”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulphate at 476kg/ha gave the highest sucker number, 48 per plant.
- Taxon
- Iberis amaraIberis amarat0
- Treatment
- Ammonium sulphate at a rate of 476kg/hae0
- Outcome
- number of suckerse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 48 suckers/plante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ammonium sulphate at a rate of 476kg/ha recorded the highest number of suckers (48 suckers/plant).”
t0“Iberis amara”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur at 357kg/ha gave the highest branch number, 35 per plant.
- Taxon
- Iberis amaraIberis amarat0
- Treatment
- Sulphur at rate of 357kg/hae0
- Outcome
- number of branchese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 35 branches/plante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sulphur at rate of 357kg/ha recorded highest number of branches (35 branches/plant).”
t0“Iberis amara”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulphate at 476kg/ha gave the highest fresh herb weight, 340g.
- Taxon
- Iberis amaraIberis amarat0
- Treatment
- 476kg/ha ammonium sulphatee0
- Outcome
- fresh weight of herbse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 340ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest fresh weight of herbs and flowers reached 340g and 278g when plants fertilized with 476kg/ha ammonium sulphate and 357kg/ha potassium sulphate, respectively.”
t0“Iberis amara”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium sulphate at 357kg/ha gave the highest fresh flower weight, 278g.
- Taxon
- Iberis amaraIberis amarat0
- Organ / stage
- flowerse0
- Treatment
- 357kg/ha potassium sulphatee0
- Outcome
- fresh weight of herbs and flowerse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 278ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest fresh weight of herbs and flowers reached 340g and 278g when plants fertilized with 476kg/ha ammonium sulphate and 357kg/ha potassium sulphate, respectively.”
t0“Iberis amara”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulphate at 476kg/ha gave the highest carbohydrate contents, 13.95% and 13.62% in the first and second seasons.
- Taxon
- Iberis amaraIberis amarat0
- Treatment
- Ammonium sulphate at rate of 476kg/hae0
- Outcome
- contents of carbohydratee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 13.95%, 13.62%e0
- Qualifier
- first and second seasonse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ammonium sulphate at rate of 476kg/ha leads to the highest contents of carbohydrate and fixed oils which reached 13.95%, 13.62% and 14.0%, 12.85% in first and second seasons, respectively.”
t0“Iberis amara”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulphate at 476kg/ha gave the highest fixed oil contents, 14.0% and 12.85% in the two seasons.
- Taxon
- Iberis amaraIberis amarat0
- Treatment
- Ammonium sulphate at rate of 476kg/hae0
- Outcome
- fixed oilse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 14.0%, 12.85%e0
- Qualifier
- first and second seasonse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ammonium sulphate at rate of 476kg/ha leads to the highest contents of carbohydrate and fixed oils which reached 13.95%, 13.62% and 14.0%, 12.85% in first and second seasons, respectively.”
t0“Iberis amara”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulphate at 476kg/ha gave the highest glucosinolate and phenolic compound contents.
- Taxon
- Iberis amaraIberis amarat0
- Treatment
- 476kg/ha ammonium sulphatee0
- Outcome
- content of glucosinolates and phenolic compoundse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest content of glucosinolates and phenolic compounds was recorded when I. amara plants were treated with 476kg/ha ammonium sulphate”
t0“Iberis amara”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulphate at 357kg/ha maximized cucurbitacins content.
- Taxon
- Iberis amaraIberis amarat0
- Treatment
- 357kg/ha ammonium sulphatee0
- Outcome
- cucurbitacins contente0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cucurbitacins content reached the maximum by the treatment of 357kg/ha ammonium sulphate.”
t0“Iberis amara”
Claim · model-written summary
High-concentration ethanol extract caused the highest cabbage aphid mortality, 66.66% after 96 hr.
- Taxon
- Iberis amaraIberis amarat0
- Treatment
- higher concentration of ethanol extracte0
- Interactor
- cabbage aphid
.jpg?width=60)
Brevicoryne brassicaee0pest - Outcome
- mortality for cabbage aphide0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 66.66%e0
- Qualifier
- after 96 hre0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“the higher concentration of ethanol extract induced the highest mortality for cabbage aphid as it induced 66.66% mortality after 96 hr”
t0“Iberis amara”
Claim · model-written summary
High-concentration autolysed water extract caused 53.33% cabbage aphid mortality.
- Taxon
- Iberis amaraIberis amarat0
- Treatment
- water extract after autolysise0
- Interactor
- cabbage aphidBrevicoryne brassicaee1pest
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Value
- 53.33%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water extract after autolysis and chloroform extracts which induced 53.33% mortality at the high concentration”
e1“on cabbage aphids.”
t0“Iberis amara”
Claim · model-written summary
High-concentration chloroform extract caused 53.33% cabbage aphid mortality.
- Taxon
- Iberis amaraIberis amarat0
- Treatment
- chloroform extractse0
- Interactor
- cabbage aphidBrevicoryne brassicaee1pest
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Value
- 53.33%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chloroform extracts which induced 53.33% mortality at the high concentration”
e1“on cabbage aphids.”
t0“Iberis amara”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexane extract had the lowest insecticidal effect on cabbage aphid.
- Taxon
- Iberis amaraIberis amarat0
- Treatment
- hexane extracte0
- Interactor
- cabbage aphidsBrevicoryne brassicaee1pest
- Outcome
- effect on this insecte0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hexane extract exerted the lowest effect on this insect.”
e1“cabbage aphids”
t0“Iberis amara”