Abstract
Formaldehyde-treated silage, formic acid-treated silage, formaldehyde-formic acid-treated silage, untreated silage, and lucerne hay were made from a lucerne sward and offered to Merino wethers. The formaldehyde was applied at a rate of 0.9 % of the weight of the dry matter and formic acid at 0.5 % of the fresh weight of the lucerne. Formaldehyde-treated silage and formaldehyde-formic acid-treated silage had significantly lower concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and total and individual organic acids than untreated silage. Formic acid-treated silage had a similar degree of fermentation to untreated silage, but more acetic acid and less lactic acid were produced than in untreated silage. However, when formic acid was applied in combination with formaldehyde, the ensiling fermentation was inhibited more than when formaldehyde was applied alone. There was some apparent protection of protein by the formaldehyde treatment. Treatment with formic acid significantly increased the in vivo digestibility of both nitrogen and dry matter, but did not increase ad libitum intake or wool growth by sheep offered this silage. Compared to untreated silage, treatment with formaldehyde significantly reduced the in vivo digestibility of nitrogen, produced a non-significant increase in intake, and significantly increased wool growth. The treatment of lucerne with both formaldehyde and formic acid significantly increased in vivo digestibility of dry matter, ad libitum intake, and wool growth compared with untreated silage. The treatment of lucerne with a mixture of formaldehyde (0.9% of the dry matter) and formic acid (0.5% of the fresh weight) was a suitable method of controlling the ensiling fermentation in order to increase the ad libitum intake of lucerne silage by sheep and their subsequent wool production. However, the intake and wool production of sheep offered such silage was still significantly less than that of sheep offered lucerne hay.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Formaldehyde treatment significantly lowered ammonia nitrogen and organic acid concentrations in lucerne silage compared with untreated silage.
- Taxon
- lucerne
Medicago sativae0 - Treatment
- formaldehydee1
- Outcome
- concentrations of ammonia nitrogene1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Comparator
- untreated silagee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were made from a lucerne sward”
e1“Formaldehyde-treated silage and formaldehyde-formic acid-treated silage had significantly lower concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and total and individual organic acids than untreated silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Formic acid treatment gave a similar degree of fermentation to untreated lucerne silage.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- Formic acide2
- Outcome
- degree of fermentatione2
- Direction
- similare2
- Comparator
- untreated silagee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were made from a lucerne sward”
e2“Formic acid-treated silage had a similar degree of fermentation to untreated silage, but more acetic acid and less lactic acid were produced than in untreated silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Formic acid treatment of lucerne silage produced more acetic acid than untreated silage.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- Formic acide2
- Outcome
- acetic acide2
- Direction
- moree2
- Comparator
- untreated silagee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were made from a lucerne sward”
e2“Formic acid-treated silage had a similar degree of fermentation to untreated silage, but more acetic acid and less lactic acid were produced than in untreated silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Formic acid treatment of lucerne silage produced less lactic acid than untreated silage.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- Formic acide2
- Outcome
- lactic acide2
- Direction
- lesse2
- Comparator
- untreated silagee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were made from a lucerne sward”
e2“Formic acid-treated silage had a similar degree of fermentation to untreated silage, but more acetic acid and less lactic acid were produced than in untreated silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Formic acid applied together with formaldehyde inhibited the ensiling fermentation more than formaldehyde alone.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- formic acid was applied in combination with formaldehydee3
- Outcome
- the ensiling fermentatione3
- Direction
- inhibited moree3
- Comparator
- formaldehyde was applied alonee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were made from a lucerne sward”
e3“when formic acid was applied in combination with formaldehyde, the ensiling fermentation was inhibited more than when formaldehyde was applied alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Formaldehyde treatment gave some apparent protection of lucerne silage protein.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- formaldehyde treatmente4
- Outcome
- protection of proteine4
- Qualifier
- some apparente4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were made from a lucerne sward”
e4“There was some apparent protection of protein by the formaldehyde treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Formic acid treatment significantly increased in vivo digestibility of nitrogen and dry matter of lucerne silage.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- formic acide5
- Outcome
- in vivo digestibility of both nitrogen and dry mattere5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were made from a lucerne sward”
e5“Treatment with formic acid significantly increased the in vivo digestibility of both nitrogen and dry matter, but did not increase ad libitum intake or wool growth by sheep offered this silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Formic acid treatment did not increase ad libitum intake or wool growth of sheep fed lucerne silage.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- formic acide5
- Outcome
- ad libitum intake or wool growthe5
- Direction
- did not increasee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were made from a lucerne sward”
e5“Treatment with formic acid significantly increased the in vivo digestibility of both nitrogen and dry matter, but did not increase ad libitum intake or wool growth by sheep offered this silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Formaldehyde treatment significantly reduced in vivo digestibility of nitrogen of lucerne silage compared with untreated silage.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- treatment with formaldehydee6
- Outcome
- in vivo digestibility of nitrogene6
- Direction
- reducede6
- Comparator
- untreated silagee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were made from a lucerne sward”
e6“Compared to untreated silage, treatment with formaldehyde significantly reduced the in vivo digestibility of nitrogen, produced a non-significant increase in intake, and significantly increased wool growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Formaldehyde treatment produced a non-significant increase in intake of lucerne silage compared with untreated silage.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- treatment with formaldehydee6
- Outcome
- intakee6
- Direction
- increasee6
- Comparator
- untreated silagee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were made from a lucerne sward”
e6“Compared to untreated silage, treatment with formaldehyde significantly reduced the in vivo digestibility of nitrogen, produced a non-significant increase in intake, and significantly increased wool growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Formaldehyde treatment significantly increased wool growth of sheep fed lucerne silage compared with untreated silage.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- treatment with formaldehydee6
- Outcome
- wool growthe6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Comparator
- untreated silagee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were made from a lucerne sward”
e6“Compared to untreated silage, treatment with formaldehyde significantly reduced the in vivo digestibility of nitrogen, produced a non-significant increase in intake, and significantly increased wool growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined formaldehyde and formic acid treatment significantly increased in vivo digestibility of dry matter, ad libitum intake and wool growth compared with untreated silage.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- both formaldehyde and formic acide7
- Outcome
- in vivo digestibility of dry matter, ad libitum intake, and wool growthe7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Comparator
- untreated silagee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were made from a lucerne sward”
e7“The treatment of lucerne with both formaldehyde and formic acid significantly increased in vivo digestibility of dry matter, ad libitum intake, and wool growth compared with untreated silage”
Claim · model-written summary
A mixture of formaldehyde and formic acid is a suitable method for controlling the ensiling fermentation of lucerne silage.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- a mixture of formaldehyde (0.9% of the dry matter) and formic acid (0.5% of the fresh weight)e7
- Outcome
- controlling the ensiling fermentatione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were made from a lucerne sward”
e7“The treatment of lucerne with a mixture of formaldehyde (0.9% of the dry matter) and formic acid (0.5% of the fresh weight) was a suitable method of controlling the ensiling fermentation in order to increase the ad libitum intake of lucerne silage by sheep and their subsequent wool production”
Claim · model-written summary
Sheep fed formaldehyde and formic acid lucerne silage still had significantly lower intake and wool production than sheep fed lucerne hay.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- such silagee7
- Outcome
- intake and wool productione7
- Direction
- lesse7
- Comparator
- lucerne haye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were made from a lucerne sward”
e7“the intake and wool production of sheep offered such silage was still significantly less than that of sheep offered lucerne hay”
The same questions in other papers
formic acid · growth · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
formic acid · quality: grain · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results agree
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- positive
- positive
processing · yield · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction
- positive
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16 papers more in this group
See all 20 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.