Abstract
The aim of the present study was the estimation of changes in the phytotoxicity of soils amended with sewage sludge with relation to Lepidium sativum, Sinapis alba and Sorghum saccharatum. The study was realised in the system of a plot experiment for a period of 29 months. Samples for analyses were taken at the beginning of the experiment, and then after 5, 17 and 29 months. Two kinds of sewage sludge, with varying properties, were added to a sandy soil (soil S) or a loamy soil (soil L) at the dose of 90 t/ha. The addition of sewage sludge to the soils at the start of the experiment caused a significant reduction of both seed germination capacity and root length of the test plants, the toxic effect being distinctly related to the test plant species. With the passage of time the negative effect of sewage sludge weakened, the extent of its reduction depending both of the kind of sewage sludge applied and on the type of soil. Phytotoxicity of the soils amended with the sewage sludges was significantly lower at the end of the experiment than at the beginning. The species of the plants grown on the soils also had a significant effect on their phytotoxicity. The greatest reduction of toxicity was observed in the soil on which no plants were grown (sandy soil) and in the soil under a culture of willow (loamy soil). Solid phase of sewage sludge-amended soils was characterised by higher toxicity than their extracts. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11270-012-1248-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Sludge addition significantly reduced germination capacity and root length in Lepidium sativum at the start.
- Taxon
- Lepidium sativum
Lepidium sativume0 - Treatment
- addition of sewage sludgee1
- Outcome
- seed germination capacity and root lengthe1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Qualifier
- at the start of the experimente1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with relation to Lepidium sativum, Sinapis alba and Sorghum saccharatum”
e1“The addition of sewage sludge to the soils at the start of the experiment caused a significant reduction of both seed germination capacity and root length of the test plants, the toxic effect being distinctly related to the test plant species.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sludge addition significantly reduced germination capacity and root length in Sinapis alba at the start.
- Taxon
- Sinapis alba
Sinapis albae0 - Treatment
- addition of sewage sludgee1
- Outcome
- seed germination capacity and root lengthe1
- Direction
- reductione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with relation to Lepidium sativum, Sinapis alba and Sorghum saccharatum”
e1“The addition of sewage sludge to the soils at the start of the experiment caused a significant reduction of both seed germination capacity and root length of the test plants, the toxic effect being distinctly related to the test plant species.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sludge addition significantly reduced germination capacity and root length in Sorghum saccharatum at the start.
- Taxon
- Sorghum saccharatum
Sorghum bicolore0 - Treatment
- addition of sewage sludgee1
- Outcome
- seed germination capacity and root lengthe1
- Direction
- reductione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with relation to Lepidium sativum, Sinapis alba and Sorghum saccharatum”
e1“The addition of sewage sludge to the soils at the start of the experiment caused a significant reduction of both seed germination capacity and root length of the test plants, the toxic effect being distinctly related to the test plant species.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sludge's negative effect weakened over time, depending on sludge kind and soil type.
- Outcome
- negative effect of sewage sludgee0
- Direction
- weakenede0
- Qualifier
- depending both of the kind of sewage sludge applied and on the type of soile0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“With the passage of time the negative effect of sewage sludge weakened, the extent of its reduction depending both of the kind of sewage sludge applied and on the type of soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Amended soil phytotoxicity was significantly lower at the end than at the beginning.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Phytotoxicity of the soils amended with the sewage sludges was significantly lower at the end of the experiment than at the beginning.”
Claim · model-written summary
The plant species grown significantly affected soil phytotoxicity.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“The species of the plants grown on the soils also had a significant effect on their phytotoxicity.”
Claim · model-written summary
The greatest toxicity reduction in sandy soil occurred without plants.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The greatest reduction of toxicity was observed in the soil on which no plants were grown (sandy soil) and in the soil under a culture of willow (loamy soil).”
Claim · model-written summary
The greatest toxicity reduction in loamy soil occurred under willow.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The greatest reduction of toxicity was observed in the soil on which no plants were grown (sandy soil) and in the soil under a culture of willow (loamy soil).”
Claim · model-written summary
The solid phase was more toxic than soil extracts.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Solid phase of sewage sludge-amended soils was characterised by higher toxicity than their extracts.”
The same questions in other papers
organic · growth · Sorghum bicolor (sorghum)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.