Abstract
Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed isoflavone concentration has been shown to be highly dependent on environmental conditions, but isoflavone concentrations have not been studied under controlled conditions to quantify the effects of specific factors. To determine the effect of air temperature and soil moisture status during soybean seed development on seed isoflavone concentration and composition, soybean plants were grown in the greenhouse under intermediate (18/28°C), 9.5 h night/14.5 h daytime temperatures with high soil moisture conditions. Beginning at the R6 growth stage plants were subjected to either intermediate (18/28°C), low (13/23°C), or high (23/33°C) 9.5 h night/14.5 h daytime temperatures with either low or high soil moisture conditions. Two French cultivars, Imari and Queen, and three U.S. cultivars, Dwight, Jack and Loda, all in maturity group II were studied. The overall results show that low temperatures and high soil moisture conditions produced the highest seed isoflavone concentrations with changes in temperature having the larger effect. The changes in daidzein and genistein concentrations were similar to changes in total isoflavones but the glycitein concentration was much less affected. The three U.S. cultivars were much less responsive to soil moisture than the two French cultivars. All five cultivars showed a two‐ to threefold increase in total isoflavone concentrations at the low temperature regime compared to the high temperature regime. Plant height was greatest under the intermediate temperatures; whereas, low temperatures and low soil moisture hastened maturity. Seed size was not significantly affected by any treatment. Soil moisture and air temperature have clear effects on the isoflavone concentrations in mature soybean seeds, but the ranking of all the cultivars based on average isoflavone concentration remained the same with all treatments. Environmental factors can have a large effect on isoflavone concentration, but the potential for isoflavone production is largely under genetic control.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature produced the highest seed isoflavone concentrations.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- low temperaturese0
- Outcome
- seed isoflavone concentrationse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- high temperature regimee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low temperatures and high soil moisture conditions produced the highest seed isoflavone concentrations with changes in temperature having the larger effect.”
e2“All five cultivars showed a two‐ to threefold increase in total isoflavone concentrations at the low temperature regime compared to the high temperature regime.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
High soil moisture produced the highest seed isoflavone concentrations.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- high soil moisture conditionse0
- Outcome
- seed isoflavone concentrationse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- low soil moisturee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low temperatures and high soil moisture conditions produced the highest seed isoflavone concentrations with changes in temperature having the larger effect.”
e2“low temperatures and low soil moisture hastened maturity.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Temperature affected isoflavones more than soil moisture.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- seed isoflavone concentrationse0
- Direction
- largere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low temperatures and high soil moisture conditions produced the highest seed isoflavone concentrations with changes in temperature having the larger effect.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Daidzein and genistein concentrations changed similarly to total isoflavones.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- daidzein and genistein concentrationse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- total isoflavonese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The changes in daidzein and genistein concentrations were similar to changes in total isoflavones”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycitein concentration was less affected than daidzein and genistein.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- glycitein concentratione0
- Direction
- less affectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the glycitein concentration was much less affected.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
US cultivars were less responsive to soil moisture than French cultivars.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- U.S. cultivarse0
- Outcome
- responsive to soil moisturee0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- French cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The three U.S. cultivars were much less responsive to soil moisture than the two French cultivars.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
All five cultivars had two- to threefold higher total isoflavones at low than high temperature.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- five cultivarse0
- Treatment
- low temperature regimee0
- Outcome
- total isoflavone concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- two‐ to threefolde0
- Comparator
- high temperature regimee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All five cultivars showed a two‐ to threefold increase in total isoflavone concentrations at the low temperature regime compared to the high temperature regime.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height was greatest at intermediate temperature.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- intermediate temperaturese0
- Outcome
- Plant heighte0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant height was greatest under the intermediate temperatures”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature and low moisture hastened maturity.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- low temperatures and low soil moisturee0
- Outcome
- maturitye0
- Direction
- hastenede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low temperatures and low soil moisture hastened maturity.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed size was not significantly affected by treatments.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- any treatmente0
- Outcome
- Seed sizee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed size was not significantly affected by any treatment.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar rankings by average isoflavone concentration were unchanged across treatments.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- all the cultivarse0
- Outcome
- ranking of all the cultivars based on average isoflavone concentratione0
- Direction
- remained the samee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the ranking of all the cultivars based on average isoflavone concentration remained the same with all treatments.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret isoflavone production potential as largely genetically controlled.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- potential for isoflavone productione0
- Qualifier
- genetic controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the potential for isoflavone production is largely under genetic control.”
t0“Soybean”
The same questions in other papers
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7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
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See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.