Abstract
Roots of month-old tomato plants ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were flooded for up to 36h. Shoots were removed just below the cotyledonary node, and the roots subjected to external pneumatic pressures ( Δ P =0.02 – 0.4MPa). Rates of resulting sap flow ( Jv ) from the hypocotyl stump were measured and solute content assessed. Increasing Δ P raised Jv and diluted sap osmolites. Dilution was proportional to flow in well-drained plants but less than proportional in flooded plants. Sap flow increased linearly over a Δ P range of 0.2 –0.4MPa; the slope of this line representing hydraulic conductance ( LP ), an estimate of inherent root hydraulic conductivity. Flooding for 24h did not change LP relative to well-drained controls. Despite this similar LP , Jv at given values of Δ P were always faster through flooded root systems. This is explained by greater osmolality of xylem sap and thus more negative osmotic potentials ( π sap ) creating an additional driving force promoting Jv . Overall, solute osmolality and solute delivery in flowing xylem sap increased as flooding was prolonged from 6 to 36h flooding. On arrival in the shoot, these solutes would exert a negative effect on leaf water potentials down to -0.08MPa. The extra solutes exported from roots of flooded plants compared with controls, included potassium, sulphate, protein, serine, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid and sucrose. Flooding decreased the delivery of nitrate, hydrogen ions, most protein amino acids, glutamine, and abscisic acid. These changes in delivery of solutes are systemic messages passing from flooded roots to shoots. Their osmotic and physiological properties may modify shoot growth and development and have adaptive significance.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
External pneumatic pressure raised sap flow Jv in tomato roots.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- external pneumatic pressurese1
- Outcome
- Jve2
- Direction
- raisede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“month-old tomato plants”
e1“the roots subjected to external pneumatic pressures”
e2“raised Jv and diluted sap osmolites”
Claim · model-written summary
External pneumatic pressure diluted sap osmolites in tomato roots.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- external pneumatic pressurese1
- Outcome
- sap osmolitese2
- Direction
- dilutede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“month-old tomato plants”
e1“the roots subjected to external pneumatic pressures”
e2“raised Jv and diluted sap osmolites”
Claim · model-written summary
Dilution of sap solutes was proportional to flow in well-drained tomato plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- well-drained plantse3
- Outcome
- Dilutione3
- Direction
- proportionale3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“month-old tomato plants”
e3“Dilution was proportional to flow in well-drained plants but less than proportional in flooded plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Dilution of sap solutes was less than proportional to flow in flooded tomato plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- flooded plantse3
- Outcome
- Dilutione3
- Direction
- less than proportionale3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“month-old tomato plants”
e3“Dilution was proportional to flow in well-drained plants but less than proportional in flooded plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Sap flow increased linearly with external pneumatic pressure over a range of 0.2 to 0.4 MPa.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- external pneumatic pressurese1
- Outcome
- Sap flowe5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Qualifier
- range of 0.2 –0.4MPae6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“month-old tomato plants”
e1“the roots subjected to external pneumatic pressures”
e5“Sap flow increased linearly”
e6“range of 0.2 –0.4MPa”
Claim · model-written summary
Flooding for 24h did not change hydraulic conductance LP relative to well-drained tomato roots.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Flooding for 24he7
- Outcome
- LPe7
- Direction
- did not changee7
- Comparator
- well-drained controlse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“month-old tomato plants”
e7“Flooding for 24h did not change LP relative to well-drained controls”
Claim · model-written summary
At given pressures, Jv was faster through flooded tomato root systems.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- flooded root systemse2
- Outcome
- Jve1
- Direction
- fastere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“month-old tomato plants”
e1“Despite this similar LP , Jv at given values of”
e2“were always faster through flooded root systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Jv was faster through flooded roots because of greater osmolality of xylem sap, which creates an additional driving force.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- Jve2
- Qualifier
- greater osmolality of xylem sape1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“month-old tomato plants”
e1“This is explained by greater osmolality of xylem sap and thus more negative osmotic potentials”
e2“creating an additional driving force promoting Jv”
Claim · model-written summary
Solute osmolality and solute delivery in xylem sap increased as flooding was prolonged from 6 to 36h.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- flooding was prolonged from 6 to 36he1
- Outcome
- solute osmolality and solute deliverye1
- Direction
- increasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“month-old tomato plants”
e1“Overall, solute osmolality and solute delivery in flowing xylem sap increased as flooding was prolonged from 6 to 36h flooding”
Claim · model-written summary
Solutes from flooded roots would reduce shoot leaf water potential down to -0.08 MPa.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- leaf water potentialse1
- Value
- -0.08MPae1
- Qualifier
- negative effecte1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“month-old tomato plants”
e1“these solutes would exert a negative effect on leaf water potentials down to -0.08MPa”
Claim · model-written summary
Flooded tomato roots exported extra potassium, sulphate and protein in xylem sap compared with controls.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- flooded plantse1
- Outcome
- potassium, sulphate, proteine1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Comparator
- controlse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“month-old tomato plants”
e1“The extra solutes exported from roots of flooded plants compared with controls, included potassium, sulphate, protein”
Claim · model-written summary
Flooded tomato roots exported extra serine, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid and sucrose in xylem sap compared with controls.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- flooded plantse1
- Outcome
- serine, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid and sucrosee2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Comparator
- controlse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“month-old tomato plants”
e1“The extra solutes exported from roots of flooded plants compared with controls, included potassium, sulphate, protein”
e2“included potassium, sulphate, protein, serine, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid and sucrose”
Claim · model-written summary
Flooding decreased the delivery of nitrate and hydrogen ions in xylem sap of tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Floodinge1
- Outcome
- nitrate, hydrogen ionse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“month-old tomato plants”
e1“Flooding decreased the delivery of nitrate, hydrogen ions, most protein amino acids, glutamine, and abscisic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Flooding decreased the delivery of most protein amino acids, glutamine and abscisic acid in xylem sap of tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Floodinge1
- Outcome
- most protein amino acids, glutamine, and abscisic acide1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“month-old tomato plants”
e1“Flooding decreased the delivery of nitrate, hydrogen ions, most protein amino acids, glutamine, and abscisic acid”
The same questions in other papers
flooding · physiology: water · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.